Of France, 237, 238 ; of the East, 422, 

 423. 



Deshayes, M., 740, 741. 743. 748. 750. 



Desmarest, M., 578. 



Devonshire, mild climate of, 402, 493 ; 

 geology of, 682. 



Dew, formation of, 480 ; depositions of, 

 481 ; in hot climates, 482. 



Diablerets mountains, tall of one of the, 

 411. 



Diallage, 650,651. 



Dicotyledonous plants, 550. 563. 



Diluvium formation, 640. 



Diluvium, chapter on, 751705; fossil 

 animals found in, 752762 : boulders 

 of. 7G3 765 ; position of, 641. 



Diornis of New Zealand, 715. 



Dinotherium, view of the, 748. 



Diodorus Siculus, 144. 423. 535. 



Diorite or greenstone, 645. 



Dip of strata, 614. 027. 



Dipterous fossil fish, 689. 



Discordant, or unconfortnable strata, 

 628. 



Discovery, astronomical, history of, 1 

 32. 



Disintegrated granite, view of, 648. 



Dislocation of strata illustrated, G29. 



Disruption of rocks by igneous action, 

 632, et al. 



Dissemination of plant seeds, 565567. 



Distances, relative, of the ancient pla- 

 nets from the sun, 46 ; of the stars, 

 162 1G4. 



Distribution of plants, 546571 ; of ani- 

 mals, 571594 ; of fossils, 635. 



Districts, the various coal, 700, ct scq. 



Disturbances, ancient, of the earth'* 

 crust have been beneficial to mankind, 

 629. 



Divination, founded on the appearance of 

 the heavens, 3. 



Division of plants, 548550. 



Dobrizhoffer, 479. 



Docility of fish, 575. 



Dodo, the, 767. 786. 



Dodona, inflammable fountain of, 275. 



Dog, notices of the, 587. 595. 601. 606. 



Dome, chain of Mont de, 746. 



Dorsetshire, lnd-slip on the coast of, 

 392 ; coasts of abundant in ichthyo- 

 sauri, 722 ; strata of, 727. 



Dovedale, valley of, description and 

 view, 219, 2'20. 



Dovor, straits of, 390 ; chalk cliff of, 

 391 ; present state and ancient condi- 

 tion of, 396. 



Downs, ( or dunes ) how formed, 400; 

 localities of, 401, 402. 



Dranse, the river, its source, 413; its 

 irruption, 414, 415. 



Drift, formations, 640. 751765, ft al. 



timber in the arctic seas, 361. 



Dripping well at Knaresborough, 277. 



Dromedary, the, 590. 



Drought, details of a great, in South 

 America, 471,472; in India, 472. 



Dru, Aiguille de, view of, 647. 



Druids, tradition of the, 648. 



Drurnmond, Sir W., assigns a knowledge 

 of the telescope to the Greeks, Chal- 

 deans and Hindoos, 16. 



Ducie's Island, corals of, 384. 



Dudley basalt, notices of the, 627 ; basal- 

 tic hills near, G54 ; silurian rocks of, 

 680. 



Castle caverns, description and 



view of, 257. 



Duddon, source of the river, 279. 



Dufrenoy, M., 6-50. 



Dugong, the, 591. 



Dumont d'Urville, his discoveries, 1%. 



Dundry hill, 725. 



Dunwich, changes at, 395. 



Durdham-down, fossil remains at, 



713. 

 Durham, magnesian limestone in, 642. 



Durrenstein, on the Danube, view of, 



466. 



Dykes, volcanic, 656. 

 - in strata, 633. 



Earth, transmission of light from the sun 

 to the, 35 ; its distance from the sun, 

 64. 73 ; revolution of round the sun, 

 64 ; its probable light and heat, 65 ; 

 shows phases like the moon, G5 ; transits 



INDEX. 



the solar disc, 65, 66 ; general observ- 

 ations on, 70 ; its spherical figure 

 proved, 71 ; its diameter at the pole 

 and eqiuitor, 71 ; its rotation proved, 

 7-' ; its translation and velocity in space, 



72 ; the seasons caused by its double 

 movements, 73 ; diagram showing the 

 varying length of day and night on the, 



73 ; atmosphere of the, 76 ; is visible to 

 some of the planetarians, but not to 

 others, 75 ; is invisible to a moiety of 

 the lunarians, 80; densi'y of the, 106; 

 has changed its position in the uni- 

 verse, 183; great natural divisions of 

 the surface of the, 193199 ; supposed 

 causes of volcanic action and earth- 

 quakes in the, 433, 434 ; antiquity of 

 the, 429. 434 ; importance of rain to 

 the, 462 ; benefits of diverse climates in 

 the, 484 ; soils of, influence climate, 

 495 ; climate of, has undergone changes, 

 515 ; zoological provinces of the, 588 

 591 ; population of the, 596 ; true shape 

 of, 613 ; composition of the crust of 

 the, 622, 623, et al. ; fractured surface 

 of, caused by upheavings, 629. 



Earthquakes, 386 ; at Lisbon, 386 ; in 

 Peru, 386; Jamaica, 386, 387; action 

 of, 430 ; Creoles of America di.-tinguish 

 two kinds of, 430, 431 ; Chili, 406 ; ex- 

 tensive influence of, 431 ; in Caraccas, 

 431, 432 ; in Calabria, 434, 435 ; causes 

 of, 433-435. 



East, the, astronomical inquiry had its 

 origin in, 2 ; in its deserts travellers 

 early found the stars indispensable 

 guides, 144. 



Easter Island, 593. 



Easton, Mr., his table of longevities, 607. 



Ebel, M., his account of glaciers, 208. 



Kbullient springs, 271274. 



Echinites, fossil, 721. 



Eclipses, annular, unobserved by the 

 ancients, 15, 16 ; of the sun, 58 ; cause 

 of, and description, 59 ; annular, 60. 81 ; 

 table of, for this century, 61 ; descrip- 

 tion of a total, 61 ; eclipses of the moon, 

 79, 80. 



Ecliptic, obliquity of the, determined, 

 15. 74. 



Edentes, the, of Cuvier, 590. 



Eel, the, its wanderings, 578. 



Egina, view of the port of, 357. 



Egg, Scuir of, 653, 654. 



Egypt, ancient and present condition of 

 its land, 397. 421, 422; hot winds of, 

 447, 448; once the chief seat of astro- 

 nomical science, 8; granitic monu- 

 ments of, 648. 



Egyptian system, the, explained and ex- 

 amined, 14; was the prototype of the 

 Tychonic, 14. 



Egyptians claim the honour of first ob- 

 serving the celestial sphere, 4 ; their 

 claims not altogether unfounded, 4 ; 

 learned from the Greeks to measure 

 the pyramids by their shadows, 4. 



Egmont, Mount, in New Zealand, view 

 and description of, 201. 



Ehrenberg, Herr, 635. 749 



Eldt-n Hole, in the Peak, description of, 

 242, 243. 



Electricity, manifestations of during hur- 

 ricanes. 452, 453 ; an agent in evapora- 

 tion, 461 ; identical with lightning, 517 ; 

 derivation of the word, 517; its energy 

 decreases by distance from the equator, 

 517 ; its operation in equatorial lati- 

 tudes, 517519 ; is connected with 

 magnetism, 522 ; various manifesta- 

 tions of, 623529. 



Elements, the four, an exploded error, 

 613. 



Elephant, the, 304. 590. 595. 



Elephants, fossil, 753. 



Elk, gigantic horned, 758, 759. 



Ellora, drought at, 472. 



Elevation, valleys of, illustrated, 630 



Elmo, fire of Saint, 520. 



Encke's comet, 111. 



Encrinal limestone, illustrated, 693. 



Encrinites, illustrated, 676. 



Encrinitis moniliformis, view of the, 638. 



Encroachments of the sea. 386388 ; 

 chronological list of, 388 390 ; in Hol- 

 land, Franco, and Britain, 390 396; in 

 America, 396. 



793 



Kndogenira?, fossil, 730. 

 Engineer, geological knowledge useful to 

 the, 620. 



England, flora of, 564 ; gcolog'cal maps 

 of, 619; east coast of, its alluvium and 

 drift, 642 ; igneous formations of. 656; 

 abundance of the new red sandstone 

 strata in, 709, 710 ; oolitic formation 

 in, 718 ; chalk strata of, 731, et seq. 



Ensisheim on the Rhine, fall of meteoric 

 stones at, 132, 133. 



Eocene tertiary period, 741747. 



" Eothen," citation from, 228, 2^9. 



Epacrides, botanical regions of the, 562. 



Epicycles, Ptolemy's theory of, 13. 



Epoch, the human, in geology, 636. 639. 



Equatorial and hot regions, climate of 

 the, 604, 505. 



Equinoxes, precession of the, 73, 74 ; has 

 caused zodaical changes, 149. 



Era (astronomical) of the Greek and 

 Alexandrian schools, 116 ; of Coper- 

 nicus, Tycho Brahe, Keppler, and Ga- 

 lileo, 1732 ; of Newton, lialley, and 

 Hersehel, 3340. 



Erebus, Mount, 210. 



Erethrina, or coral-tree, 555. 



Erica, the genus, 558. 



Erie, lake, depositions of, 740. 



Erratic rocks, 760. 



Escalonias, botanical regions of the, 561. 



Escape, providential, of a Swiss shep- 

 herd, 411. 



Escher, M., his account of the inundation 

 from the Val de Bagnes, 414. 



Escobar, Maria de, 567- 



Eskdale, peat-mosses of, 770. 



Esquimaux drift to the Orkneys, 363 ; 

 shelter of the, 477 ; food of the, 597 ; 

 skulls of, 605; stature of, 606; hair 

 of, 606. 



Etesian winds, 447. 



Ethiopian division of the human race, 

 603. 



Etna, Mount, 210. 212. 410 ; view of, 213 ; 

 changes in, 424. 427 ; variety of climates 

 on, 491 ; Ovid's remark on, 616 ; erup- 

 tions of, 780 ; fissures in, 654. 



Eubcea, erthquake at, 433. 



Eucalyptae, botanical regions of the, 562. 



Eudoxus of Cnidus described the face of 

 the heavens, 147. 



Euomphali, fossil, illustrated, 675. 



Euphrates, the river, 294. 



Europe, computed population of, 596 ; 

 diversities of the huma i figure in, 605 5 

 granitic mountains of, 645. 



Euxine Sea, the, 366. 



Evaporation, its causes and effects, 461 ; 

 takes placf from terrene as well as 

 aqueous surfaces, 461 : its natural limits, 

 461, 462. 



External structure of rocks illustrated, 

 625. 



Eyes, immense number of, in some ani- 

 mals, 672. 



Fable, Arab, a beautiful, 616, 617. 



Fahrenheit, thermometer of, 484. 507. 



Fair-head, Ireland, basaltic promontory 

 of, 653. 



Falkland Islands, the, 581, 582. 596. 668. 



Fall Kiver, view of rocking-stone at, 

 761. 



Falls of Trolhetta, description and view 

 of, 285 ; and of Terni. 286. 



Fata Morgana, 535. 540 ; view of the, 538 ; 

 causes of it, 538. 540. 



Fault in strata, illustrated, 629 5 in oval 

 strata, 698, 699 



Fayal, marine meadows near, 348 



Fejee island, hot spring in, 269. 



Feline race, the, 598, 



Felspar, its compounds, and where found, 

 623 ; a component of granite, 644 i its 

 crumbling nature, 648 ; forms a moiety 

 of greenstone, 652 ; glassy, 655 ; por 

 phyry, 654. 



Fennel, its prolific nature, 569. 



Ferguson, James, 158. 



Fern plants, 551 ; fossil, 700. 



Field plants, 549. 



Fifeshire, coal of, 642. 



Fibrous structure of rocks, 624. 



Findhorn, loss of land at the river, 401, 

 402. 416420 ; basin of the river, (K5. 



Fiords of Norway, description and view 

 of, 332. 



