Saurians, the great fossil tribes of, 592 ; 

 where found, 640. 



Savoy, Alps of, their geological charac- 

 teristics, 645. 



Saussure, M. de, his observations on the 

 Alps, 208.331.517; on the Pyrenees, 

 450, 451 ; on cretinism, 459 his geolo- 

 gical creed, 619 ; his ascent of Mont 

 Blanc, 645, 646. 



Savages worship sun and moon, 3. 



Savannah la-mar destroyed by an earth- 

 quake, 386. 



Saxifrages, botanical region of the, 560. 



Saxon Chronicle, the, 387. 



Saxony, school of, 649 ; tin of, 649 ; 

 Weinbohla in, 650. 



Scales of fishes important in classifica- 

 tion, 681 ; illustrated, 685. 



Scamander, the river, 269 , its source, 

 279. 



Scelidotherium, the, 758. 



Scheuchzer, Dr., 760. 



Schouw, Professor, 473. 560. 



Schroeter of Lilienthal examines the 

 telescopic stars, 46 ; his exclamation 

 on viewing the Milky Way, 160. 



Schubert, Professor, 316. 



Scilly Islands, the, 387. 



Scirocco, account of the, 449. 



Scenery of the Heavens, 49 192. 



Scitaminese, botanical region of the, 562, 

 463. 



Scoresby, Captain, 326. 330. 340, 341. 

 343. 345. 348. 474. 542. 588. 



Scorpio, or constellation of the Scorpion, 

 151. 



Scotland, lakes of, 311. 318 ; severe 

 winters in, 477 ; predominance of gneiss 

 formations in, 658 ; sandstone of, illus- 

 trated, 682 ; granitic isles of, 648 ; ig- 

 neous formations of, 656. 



Scott, Sir Walter, citation from his 

 " Talisman," 261, 262 ; from his " Lady 

 of the Lake," 465 ; " Marmion," 614. 

 617. 



Scripture, rightly interpreted, not in- 

 compatible with science, 593, 594. 598. 

 783787. 



Scrope, Mr., 643. 714. 



Scylla and Charybdis, 367369. 



Sea, the, beneficial to mankind, 325 ; 

 saltness of, 327 ; tides of, 352 ; struggles 

 between it and the land, 386 ; tempera- 

 ture of the, 492. 503. 



Sea-beaches, 773. 



Sea-cow, the, 578, 579. 



Sea-urchin, shell of the, 572. 



Sea-weeds in the Atlantic, 348. 558. 



Seams of coal, 696, et seq. 



Secondary formations, 640; systems, 641. 



Sedgeley rocks, 678. 



Sedgewick, Professor, geological obser- 

 vations of, 619. 621. 630, 631. 633. 662. 

 689. 708. 762. 



Sedimentary formations, the, 657. 661. 



Seeds of plants, various means of dis- 

 persing the, 565. 



Seine, the river, amount of its waters, 

 263; descent of the, 281. 



Seitzen, his account of the Dead Sea, 

 316. 



Selinga, the river, 318. 



Selvas, or central levels of South America, 

 232, 233. 



Seminaria, singular land-slip at, 433. 



Seneca, the Roman philosopher, men- 

 tions smoked glass as being used to 

 observe eclipses, 16; prophetical pas- 

 sage from his tragedy of Medea, 16. 



Senegal, heat on the banks of the river, 

 597. 



Serapis, antique pillars of the temple of, 

 405. 773. 



Seron and Lesceur, Messrs., 377. 



Serpentine is similar to hornblende, 623. 



rocks, illustrated, 651. 



Severn, the river, 283. 668 ; and Clyde, 

 how differing from other British 

 streams, 280. 



Shannon, source of the river, 278 ; its 

 descent, 281. 283. 



Shakspeare's account of Clarence's 

 dream, 373 ; of Dover cliff, 391. 



Shap in Westmoreland, its porphyritic 

 granite, 644. 



Sheep, the, 588. 



Shells, masses of, found at the summits 



INDEX. 



of the Pyrenees and Andes. 380 ; fossil, 

 638640. 



Sheppey, Isle of, 742. 



Shei ingham, coast changes at, 395. 



Shetland Isles, action of the sea on the, 

 392. 



Shipping at sea, annual loss of, 373, 374. 



Shooting stars, 130, 131. 



Siberia, fossil mammoths of, 753. 



Sicily, geology of, 750, 



Sickler, his account of cultivated vege- 

 tables, 568. 



Sienitic granite, 644. 



Sierra Leone, 330. 



Sigillariifi, fossil, 704. 



Silesia, mountains of, 648. 



Silius Italicus, 416. 



Silliman, Professor, 424. 



Siloam. pool and spring of, 267, 268. 



Silures, region of the ancient, 667, 

 668. 



Siluria, geological boundaries of, 6(J8. 



Silurian rocks, 620. 



system, 636, 637. 641, 642; period, 



638 ; chapter on the, 667680; general 

 scheme of the, 669, et sea. 



Siluridan family, the, 578. 



Silurus electricus, the, 575. 



Silver ore, where located, 634 ; masses 

 of, found, 634. 



mine, view of the interior of a, 



634 ; of Potosi, 634. 



Simeto, the river, in Sicily, 290. 



Simoom wind, or Samiel, 447449. 



Simple or uncompounded rocks, 624. 



Simplicity, one of the Creator's laws, 

 622. 



Sinai, Mount, 644. 



Singing-birds, local to the temperate 

 zones, 582 ; catalogue of the principal, 

 with their seasons and powers of song, 

 582. 



Sinkings of the earth, at Malpais, in 

 Sicily, at Marseilles, &c., 240. 



Sinope, view of, 365. 



Sirius, the star, 6 ; the brightest in the 

 heavens, 146. 164 ; is immeasurably 

 larger than the sun, 165. 



Sivathorium, the, 758. 



Skaptar volcano in Iceland, 376. 



Skeletons, fossil, perfect preservation 

 of, 639. 



Skiddaw mountain, atmosphere of, 463 ; 

 illustrated, 663. 



Skin, varieties of the human, 599601. 

 605. 



Skull, shapes of the human, 601605. 



Skye, isle of, trap rocks in, illustrated, 

 652 ; limestone of, 661. 



Slate, 659, et seq. : view of broken ledges 

 of, 763. 



Slate rocks of Devon, 629 ; of Wales, il- 

 lustrated, 630. 



Slikensides, an explosive mineral, 258. 



Sloane, Sir Hans, 131. 



Sloth, peculiarities of the, 590. 



Slough, view of Herschel's great tele- 

 scope at, 160. 



Smith, Dr. Pye, his optics, 185 ; his ob- 

 servations on the nebular hypothesis, 

 191, 192. 



, William, on volcanoes, 429 ; his 



geological researches, 619, 620. 



, Mr., 774. 



Smoke of Vesuvius, an indicator of daily 

 air currents, 445. 



Snakes, varieties of, 579,580; English, 

 579 ; none in Ireland, 579 ; oriental 

 and occidental, 579, 580 ; general spe- 

 cies of, 592. 



Snow, red, 331 ; origin and beauty of 

 snow, 474 : its crystals, various forms 

 of, 475 ; localities of, 475 ; unwonted 

 fall of, at Canton, 475, 476 ; Alpine, 



476, 477 ; individuals buried under, 



477, 478 ; in Scotland, 477, 478 ; view 

 of a snow-storm, 478. 



Snow-line, is variable on mountains, 



486, 487. 

 Snowdon, ascent of, by Pennant, 664, 



6G5 ; observations on its geology, by 



Phillips, 665, 666. 

 Snowdonia, geological region of, 663-- 



666. 



Sobieski's Shield, constellation of, 181. 

 Social plants, localities of the, 551. 

 Society, Royal. See Royal Society. 



801 



Soil of the land, removal by the sea of 

 371,372. 



Soils influence climate, 495. 



Solar system included eighteen bodies 

 only before the elder Herschel's time, 

 but he increased the number to twenty- 

 seven, 45; remarks on the, 102 ; stu- 

 pendous area of the, 103 ; yet insignifi- 

 cant compared with that of the universe, 

 103; familiar illustration of the relation 

 o the sun and its attendants, 105, KG; 

 composition and density of the solar 

 and planetary orbs, 106. 



Solfatara, lake of, 399. 



Solidagas, botanical region of the, 561. 



Solway Frith, 359 ; sands, view of, 359 ; 

 floods of the river, 477. 



Solway Moss, accounts of, 768. 770. 



Somerville, Mrs., 333. 



Sorques, source of the river, 279. 



South, Sir James, 47. 



South Georgia, island of, 504. 



Sea Islands, plants of the, 563. 



Southey, Robert, citation from, 554, 555. 

 Spain, central elevated plain of, 347, 348. 

 Spar, calcareous, or green earth, 655: 



white, 677. 



Spatangus cor-anguinum, shell of the fos- 

 sil, 735. 



Species, definition of the word, 598 ; of 

 plants, ascertained and presumed num- 

 bers of the different, 548 ; of animals, 

 fossiliferous, their analogous distribu- 

 tion with the existent, 635 ; number of 

 organic fossils, 635, et al. 



Spey river, rise of the, 292 ; floods in, 416 

 -420. 



Sperifera, 672. 



Spezzia, gulf of, jet of fresh water in, 

 259. 



Sphaenopteris Haeninghausi, the fossil 

 plant, 638. 



Spitzbergen, notices of, 342. 345. 361. 588. 

 596. 



Squirrel, reference to the habits of the, 

 567 ; flying nocturnal, 591. 



Springs, chapter on, 237 278 ; oceanic, 

 259 ; of Arethusa, 259, 260 ; of Castaly, 

 260 ; of the deserts, 261, 262; Eastern, 

 262; origin of, 262264; perennial, 264; 

 intermittent, 265; Artesian, 265, 266; 

 reciprocating, 260, 267 ; of Siloam and 

 others, 267, 268; thermal, 268 271; 

 ebullient, 271; of the Iceland Gey- 

 sers, 271273 ; origin of ebullient, 273, 

 274; hot of Turbaco, 274; inflammable, 

 275, 276 ; mineralized, list of principal, 

 and their qualities, 276, 277 ; dripping, 

 at Knaresborough, 277 ; uses of springs 

 and the regard they have been held in, 

 277, 278; oceanic, 328; hot, at Mont 

 d'Or and Vichy, 429 ; petrifying quality 

 of, 640. 



Stars, table of the most remarkable, with 

 their position, &c., in the heavens, 

 serving as an index to the constella- 

 tions, 156158 ; magnitude of the, 164 ; 

 the fixed, are suns, 165 ; many have 

 disappeared, 166 ; some are but recently 

 visible, 16fi; others appear and disap- 

 pear, 166 ; remarkable instances of this, 

 167, 168 ; speculations regarding, and 

 illustrative diagram, 169; examples and I 

 list of variable stars, 170, 171 ; specula- 

 tions regarding these, 172; examples 

 and list of multiple stars, 173, 174 ; 

 their colours, 176. 



falling, or meteoric showers, some 



notices of, 137-141 ; as seen during the 

 middle ages, 137 ; in modern times in 

 Greenland by the Moravian mission- 

 aries, 138 ; by Humboldt, Bonpland, 

 and Ellicott, in America, 138 ; observed 

 in other regions near and remote, 139 ; 

 remarkable one at the Falls of Niagara, 

 &c., 140, 141 ; observations of M. Arago 

 regarding, 142; Professor Olmstead's 

 theory on, 142; their conjoint theories 

 substantially the Chladnian hypothesis 

 regarding aerolites, 142; but the truth 

 beyond the reach of the human under- 

 standing, 142. 143 ; fixed, are of im- 

 mense use in science by their apparent 

 immobility, 143; yet which attribute is 

 not real, 177. 



Stalactites, how formed, 246, 247; how 

 coloured, 248. 



3 F 



