802 



Spaniards, the, first introduced grain to 

 America, 567. 



Stabiae, city of, 424. 



Stack-Balloch-nan-fey, shining moun- 

 tain of, 661. 



Stiffa, description and view of the basaltic 

 cave of, 241. 626. 



Staffordshire coal district, 701, 702. 



St tes, tertiary of the United, 739. 751 

 752. 



Statue of Peter the Great, 760. 



Staulorite, 039. 



Staubbach, waterfall of, 286. 



Staunton, Sir George, 371. 



Stella Mira, account of, with a diagram, 

 170. 



Sternberg, Count, 707. 



Stephens, Mr., the American traveller 

 his account of the steppes of Russia 

 224, 225 ; of the Dead Sea, 315. 



Stephenson, Mr., 558. 772. 



Stewart, Dugald, his insensibility to 

 colour. 176. 



Stigmariae, view of fossil, 705. 



Stiper stones, 674 ; view of the. 673. 



Stirlingshire, vitality of plant seeds dis- 

 interred in, 570. 



Stocke, Dr., on dews, 481. 



Stone, crumbling, of Bath and Oxford, 

 620; for building, importance of a judi- 

 cious choice of, 620. 



Stonesfield slate, 725, 7'2G. 



Storeton hill quarries, 714, 715. 



Storm, great, in England, of 1703, par- 

 ticulars o/, by Derham, 452, 453. 



Stow's Annals, citation from, 527. 



Strabo, 226. 368. 397. 423. 429 ; was a 

 geologist, 615. 



Strata, list of, and their animul remains, 

 635 ; of the new red sandstone system, 

 in England, France, and Germany, 

 708 ; its prevalence in England, 709 ; 

 scanty in Scotland, 710. 



Stratified rocks, 625 ; era of aqueous form- 

 ation, 627 ; views of inclined, 627 ; com- 

 poses nearly all the surface of Great 

 Britain, 635 ; but only three-fourths of 

 Massachusetts, 635. 



Stratus, or fallcloud, 464. 



Stromboli, volcano of, 210. 



Strontian, 658. 



Structure of rocks, 622, et sea. See 

 Rocks. 



Struggles between the sea and land, 386. 



Struve's catalogue of the stars, 158. 



Submarine forests, 772. 



Substances, elementary, their paucity, 



Subterranean plants, 550. 



Sumatra, island of, 590. 



Sumbawa, awful volcanic eruption at 

 210. 



Summer, hot, in England, 498; in France 

 499; excessive, chronological list of, 

 513, 514. 



Sun, transmission of light and heat from 

 the, to the earth, 35; action of the 

 upon the earth, 49. 54; is constantly 

 above the horizon for six months at the 

 pole, 51 ; seems larger a; setting, why 

 52 ; apparent diameter of, 53 ; mean 

 distance of from the earth, 54 ; direct 

 light, amount of, 54 ; calorific power 

 of, 54. 58 ; real diameter of, 54 ; den- 

 sity of, 54 ; spots on the disc of, 55_57 

 rotation of, 55 ; setting of the, 63 den- 

 sity of, 1P6 ; its diameter and compo- 

 sition, 191. 



, savages prostrate themselves before 



the rising, 3 ; worship of the, plausible 

 reasons for, 3; supposed to have a 

 movement of translation in the uni- 

 verse, 177 ; aids in causing tides, 353, 



Sunrise, description of a, 50. 

 Suns, mock, or parhelia, 52. 

 Superficial formations, 640 ; accumula- 

 tions over strata, 641 

 Superior, Lake, 318. 321. 

 Susianic streams, the, 308. 



ia river, description and view 



Sussex marble, 728 ; chalk, 731 

 Sutherlandshire, limestone of, 661 

 Swarthfell in Cumberland, 653 



aUr ra borealis in > 527 ; shores 



INDEX. 



Swine, varieties of, 601. 605, 606. 



Swiss Alps, geological characteristics of 

 the, 045. 



lakes, characteristics of the, 320. 



Switzerland, variety of climates in, 489. 



Sword-fish, the, 575. 



Syene in Upper Egypt, 9. 644. 



Symonds, Lieut., 316. 



Systems : Silurian, 636, 637 ; Cambrian 

 637 ; carboniferous, 636 ; on groups o 

 strata, the several, 641. 657; chapter 

 on the geological, 657666 ; gneis 

 system, 657659 ; mica system. 659 

 661 ; clay slate system, 662, 663 ; Snow- 

 donian, 663-666. 



Table-land, 221223. 



Tacitus, 600. 



Tagua-caga, lake of, its floating islands 



593. 



Tahiti, island of, 610. 

 Talc, its qualities, 623. 

 Talc, a component of granite, 644 ; inter- 

 mixed with schist, 659. 

 Tameness of terrestrial birds, 581. 582. 

 Tapir, the, 590, 591. 

 Taurus, Mount, 203. 312 ; view of cascade 



in, 313. 



Tchad, Lake, 311, 312. 

 Telescope, the, a knowledge of, assigned 

 by Sir W. Drummond to the Greeks, 

 Chaldeans, and Hindus, 16; that of 

 Galileo imperfect, 30; was in use be- 

 fore his death for measuring angular 

 distances, 32 ; and first applied to the 

 quadrant by Gascoyne, 32 ; is the chief 

 glory of the 17th century in mechanical 

 constructions, though at first very rude, 

 32 ; Herschel's great, 44 ; greater, of 

 Lord Rosse, 45. 183. 

 Temperate regions, climate of, 505. 

 Temperature of the ocean, 335 338; of 

 the earth, causes and operation of the 

 various, 485515 ; mean, how ascer- 

 tained, 496, 497 ; uniformity in, 499 ; 

 relative, of hemisphere, 502. 

 Teneriffe, Peak of, 206. 213 ; strata of 

 the island of, 362 ; variety of climate in 

 the Peak of, 491,492. 

 Tequendama, Falls of the Funza at, 286, 



287. 



Terebratula, fossil, 674. * 

 Teredinas, 742. 

 Teredo navalis, the, 572 

 Terni, description and view of the Falls 



of, 286. 



Tertiary period, the,' 639. 656 ; forma- 

 tion, 641 ; reigns around London, 

 642; system, chapter on the, 737 750 ; 

 order and classification of, 738, 739- 

 fossil shells of, 740 ; eocene period, 

 741747 ; miocene strata, 747749 : 

 policene strata, 749, 750. 

 Tertullian, his account of the Porous 



Euxinus, 508. 



Teverane, or Anio, waterfall of the river, 

 near Tivoli, 286; ravages, past and 

 present, of its waters, 416. 

 Texture of rocks, 624, 625. 

 Thales the founder of astronomy among 



the Greeks, 6. 

 Thames, the river, 283. 498; view of a 



fair on the ice of, in 1716, 512. 

 Theodosius marches his army across the 



Danube, 509. 

 Theophrastus, number of plants known 



Thermal springs, or hot-wells, 268271 ; 

 abound most in volcanic districts, 269 ; 

 their probable sources, 269; those of 

 Buxton, ftc., 269 ; in a Feigee island, 

 269 ; at Aix, in Provence, 270 ; at Baden- 

 Baden, &c., '270; some change their 



Thesaly, flood of, 387. 

 Thistle-seed, how disseminated, 565. 

 Ihornly, Mr., 535 

 Thucydides, 433. 



Thunder storm, phenomena of a, and its 

 influences on the animal creation, 516, 



Tiber, mouth of the river, 399 ; served as 



a drainer, 427. 



Tidal action on the British coasts, 372. 

 lides and oceanic highways, chapter on 



the, 349-369 ; distinction of waves, 



tides, and currents, 349 ; tides, opera* 

 tion of, 352 ; causes of, surmised before 

 Newton, but first demonstrated by him, 

 352 ; explana'ion of, with diagrams and 

 chart, 353 357 ; various phenomena 

 of, 357359 ; currents, their operation, 

 359, 360 ; Gulf stream, 360. 362 ; arctic 

 current, 360; stream-currents, 361 ; 

 equatorial, 362364 ; effects of ocean 

 currents on navigation, 364, 365 ; under- 

 currents, 365 367 ; shore-currents, 367 

 369 ; general observations on tides 

 and current?, 369. 

 Tierra del Fuego, notices' of, 556. 596, 



597. 



Tiger, the, 590. 

 Tigris, subterranean course of the river, 



291 ; its periodical risings, 294. 

 Tilestone strata, 682. 689. 

 Tilgate Forest, bones ol fossil reptiles in 



40. 730. 

 Timber trees, varieties and ages of 



549. 



Titan's Piazza, view of, 626. 

 Titicaca, lake of, 312. 

 Tivoli, ravages of the Anio at, 416. 

 Toadstone, 655. 

 Tooth of the mastodon, 754. 

 Torpedo, the, 575. 



Torrid zone, vegetation of the, 553557. 

 Tortoises, 579. 

 Totten, Colonel, 774. 

 Tournefort attempt- to ascend Ararat, 

 203; his description of the grotto of 

 Antiparos, 247 ; of the vegetation of 

 Ararat, 557. 



Touraine, geoloey of, 747. 

 Tourmaline, 649. 



Towy, vale of the, 668 ; view of, 671 . 

 Trachytic rock, 655, 656 ; lava, 656. 

 Trade winds, 438442. 

 Transit instrument, invention of the, 

 32; Roemer's observations with it, 35. 

 Trappean rocks, 651 655. 

 Trees, their importance to man, 546 : 

 size and age of, 549, 550 ; beauty and 

 luxuriance of the tropical, 554 557 ; 

 fossil, 704. 

 Trent, the river, 283 ; red marly banks 



of, 711. 

 Trevil coal mine, vein of fossil trees in, 



704. 



Tribbiock, valleys of, 653. 

 Trilobites, 671 illustrations of, 672. 



674. 

 Trinidad, bituminous springs around 



and in the 'island of, 275. 

 Tripergoli, ancient site of, 403. 

 Tristan d'Acunha, island of, 581. 

 Trolhetta, description and view of the 



great falls of, 285. 



Tropics, hurricanes in the, 451 ; alternn- 

 tions of rain and drought in the, 470 ; 

 beautiful plumage of the birds of the, 

 582 ; qualities of animals in the, 5S4 ; 

 colours of animals in the, 601 ; climate 

 of the, always deadly to Europeans, 

 608. 



Trosachs, the, 659. 

 Tufa, or travertin, 778. 

 Tulloch, Major, his statistics, 608. 

 Tunnel, Thames, 741. 

 Turner's Falls, Massachusetts, slab found 



at, 715. 



Tuzla, Lake of, 312. 

 Twilight, duration of, 50. 51. 

 Tyrolese Alps, characteristics and view 



of the, 490, 491. 



Tycho Brahe, his birth and education, 

 22 ; rejects the Ptolemean and Coper- 

 nican systems, and forms one of his 

 own, 22 ; explanation of his views, 23* 

 24 ; a better practical than theoretical 

 astronomer, 24 ; his observations and 

 labours detailed, 24, 25 ; his castle of 

 Uraniberg, in the island of Hoe'ne, 25, 

 26 ; becomes an exile, and settles at 

 Prague, where he dies, 26. 27 ; laid the 

 basis of the discovery of the universe's 

 laws, 33. 



Jlloa, Don Antonio, 527. 533. 



Jllegh Beigh, a Tartar prince and astro- 

 nomer, 74 ; his catalogue of the stars, 

 166. 



Jmbelliferous plants, botanical region of 

 the, 560. 



