20 no^iexci.ati'kt:. 



26. ' 



Besides hairs, there are many other inequalities and rougli- 

 nesses of the surface. 



Thus, the surface is said to be dotted {punctatus) when 

 fine small hollows or glands are observable on it. But those 

 transparent points, which do not form any peculiar hollows 

 on the surface, commonly receive the same aj)})ellation. 



When the surface is beset witli such small inetjualities, as 

 can only be distinguished by the touch, and not by the na- 

 ked eye, it is said to be scabrous {scaber). Scahenimus cor- 

 responds with the next definition. In the lichens, a surface 

 is said to be Icprosus when it is scabrous, somewhat rent, 

 scaly, but also uniform. 



Rough (asper) is the attribute of a surface w hen its inequa- 

 lities can be distinctly seen. Commonly they pass into short, 

 stiff hairs, and asperrimus is hence the same with Jiispidus. 



Short herbaceous spines make the surface muricated (rni/- 

 rkatus). 



Stiff points, lastly, form the prickly (ecJiinatus) surface. 



Small, solid, visible inequalities make the surface granula- 

 ted {granulatus) ; and when the inequalities are larger, the 

 surface becomes warty {verrucosus and papillosus). AVhen 

 the Avarts are evidently filled v^'ixh air or water, the surface is 

 called ])ustular {papulosus). When they are very hard and 

 white, the surface is said to be callous {callosus). A coarse 

 granular substance is called grumose (grwnosa): Xylomtty 

 stromaia Spha7iaru?n variarum. 



If the warts are considerably larger, the surface is denomi- 

 nated himched (iorosus, torulosus). 



^Vhen the inequalities proceed from successive risings and 

 depressions, the surface is said to be Avrinkled {ingvsus). A 

 considerable size in these risings makes the surface blistery 

 (bullatus). If the depressions are nearly parallel or streaked, 

 as we see them in the seed of the Annwica^ they arc called run- 

 cinate {runcinatus\ (Tab. I. Fig. 24.) When the depres- 

 sions resemble small hollows, the surface receives different 

 names, according to the size and regularity of the hollows. 

 It ts called porous {poj'osus) when the hollows are indistin- 



