22 NdMETSCLATUKi:. 



exhaled from the juices of the planl itself, and which can 

 commonly be wiped oft'. 



Meal (farina) makes the surface mealy (farinosus)^ and 

 has a similar origin. 



Substances still finer than those form Dust (pulvis), and 

 make the surface dusty {pulvej'aceiis). 



Scales (squairia) are dry membranous substances, which 

 rise mostly from the surface ; they render it scaly (lejncbtus), 

 (Tab. VI. Fig. 8.) If they are flat, the surface is called 

 squaviulosa. If they lie upon one another, and are thickly 

 placed, we say, as in the lichens, that the surface is globose 

 {glohosus). 



Chaff' (palea) is formed by large, commonly dryand point- 

 ed, skins, and renders the surface chaffy {paleaceus). 



Gluten, which is likewise an exhaled juice, renders the sur- 

 face more or less glutinous (g-luthiosus-, or vhcosu-s). 



IV. Universal Formif. 



We here treat of such forms only as belong to all the parts, 

 and to which all others have a reference. 



The completion of a certain form is expressed by the term 

 ejffiguratus. Thus, it is used with respect to the peristoma 

 of the mosses, and with respect to the lichens, where, for ex- 

 ample, in Lecanora fidgens, it expresses the lobed crust of the 

 margin, in opposition to the granular and uniform crust. 



28. 



The base of an organ or part refers always to the point, 

 by which it is inserted, and through which it derives its 

 nourishment. 



The apex is the point or region which is opposed to the 

 base. 



The axis is an imaginary or actual line, which proceeds 

 from the base to the apex. 



The sides (latera) are the parts which lie on botii sides of 

 the axis 



