32 XOMKXCLA'l riiK. 



AVc may consider the insertion or situation of an organ, in 

 regard to tlie other parts by m hicli it is surrounded. AVe 

 thus say that a part is inierior {i}/fi'7U6), Avhen it is placed be- 

 low another. If this is the case -with the calyx, in respect oi" 

 the ovarium, it is said to be free {I'lhcr). But if the ovarium 

 is inferior, in respect of the rim of the calyx, it is then united 

 with the tube of the calyx. In this latter case, the calyx is 

 superior ; in the former instance, it is the ovarium. Tab. VIII. 

 Fig. 6, 7, the fruit is superior, the calvx inferior. Sec also in 

 Tab. VI. Fig. 13. 



We are also accustomed to distinguish between mtrafoUa' 

 ecus and cxircifoliaceus. The latter term is used, ibr ex- 

 ample, respecting flower-stalks, which have no relation of po- 

 sition to the leaf-stalks, as happens in many kinds of Sola- 

 num. We also say of the stipula3 or appendages of the 

 leaves, that they are stipula hitrapeliolares, when they ap- 

 pear within the leaf-stalk. Flower-stalks are called ^;r^io/o5 

 opposite folios^ w^hen they spring opposite to the leaf-stalks, or 

 the leaves ; while, on the contrary, their usual oiigin is in 

 the axis of the leaves {axillaris). 



Supra and irifra arc used respecting surfaces, st/peritc and 

 ■infcrnt respecting lines. The former are also used respect- 

 ing the sui-faccs of the leaves ; the latter, respecting the stalks, 

 to denote their upper or lower part. Utrinque is used in both 

 senses : it may thus denote the two surfaces of the leaves, or 

 it may also mean the summit and base of the leaf 



Sursum denotes a direction upwards, towards the summit ; 

 for which purpose we also employ anirorsum : the opposite 

 of which are retrorsiim, dcorstim. Panicum viride has its 

 involucella f<in\'!um and V. verticillatum dcorsum lusp'ula. 

 Valantia Apariney6Z?a antrorsum, Galium Aparine rctrorsum 

 nculcata. Antlcus and posticus, denote position before or be-^ 

 liind another part. AVe also use anterior and posterior. In 

 Cryptostylis, the labellum is^06'/k7/7?? ,- in Genoplesiuni, Br. 

 the galea is antica. 



