:J8 NOMEXCLATURi:. 



A part is called straight, when it proceeds in a straight 

 line. Upright (erect u^), when it stands more or less perpen- 

 dicular to the horizon. The higher degree of the straight 

 direction Is called stiff' {strictus), in which case a geometrical 

 straight line nearly is described. 



Rigid, on the other hand, (r'lgidus), is a part which is in- 

 flexible, without having necessarily the straight direction. 



The opposite of tlie straight direction is the bent (Jiexu- 

 osus), when the direction is removed on one side or the other 

 from the straight line, (Tab. VI. Fig. 11.) To this belong 

 the sul^ordinate definitions, crooked (infractus), when one or- 

 gan takes suddenly the opposite, or a quite different direc- 

 tion ; geniculated {geniculatus), when an organ changes 

 its direction, so as to form something like a knee ; twisted 

 (tortus, tortUis), when an organ is twisted round itself, or 

 changes its direction in a variety of ways, (Tab. II. Fig. 13.) 

 Tortilis denotes the capability, tortus the fixed convolution. 



Twining (voIubiUs), when a part winds itself in a spiral 

 line around another part ; in which case, we observe whether 

 it is turned to the right or left side (dexti'ors^tm or sinistror^ 

 sum). The former happens in Bryonia and Lonicera peri- 

 clymenum, the latter in Calystigia sepiuni. When a part is 

 twisted upon itself, it is said to be snail-shaped (cocJdeaius), 

 (Tab. I. Fig. 25.) ; and we attend then to the individual 

 turnings (anfractus). 



When a part clings fast to another, and bends this way 

 and that, but without going round, it is called climbing 

 (scand^ns). 



42. 



The dii-ection, which is parallel to the horizon, is called 

 horizontal {horizontalis, patentissimus), in opposition to the 

 perpendicular direction {verticalis). That which makes an 

 angle with both lines, the perpendicular and the horizontal, 

 is called oblique {obliquus). But this is subject to tlie follow- 

 ing varieties. 



When one organ simply approaches so near to another. 



