52 NOMEXCLATTRE. 



68. 



Shrubs {frut'tces)^ are those plants which send out several 

 \s(K)dy stems from the same root. For shrubs and trees, we 

 use the sign Tj. 



Undershrubs {suffrutices)^ are those, the lower part only 

 of* wliose stems are woody, but whose u})per part, being of a 

 lierbaceous nature, dies every year. 



69. 



The place where the stem and root meet, has received va- 

 rious names. Young calls it the Iwies communis, or fundus 

 2)lantte. Lamai'k calls it the life-knot. Some denominate this 

 part 7'hizoma, or root-stock ; and also cormus, and caudex. De 

 Candolle calls this part the neck (coUum). 



70. 



In the different families, different names are used for the 

 stem and its paits. 



In the Grasses, and Grassy Plants, it is called the straw 

 (culmus). In Ferns, Palnxs, and Fungi, it is called the 

 stipe {stipes) ; but tlie latter word is generally used to express 

 different parts. 



A leafy stem is called generally ajrond (frons), especially 

 in imperfect plants. The frond of Lichens is either ci'ustay 

 when it is quite uniform, granular, or at least as if some 

 matter had been deposited on it ; or it is called thallus, when 

 it is leafy, lobed, or shrubby ; (Tab. II. Fig. 3.) 



In the Fungi, we employ the term Hypha, when the stem 

 is very delicate; (Tab. I. Fig. 31. ; Tab. V. Fig. 5.) 



71. 



Branches {rami), are the divisions of the stem. Twigs 

 {ramuli), are the last and youngest branches. 



Sarments {sarmenta), are those branches, or stems, whicli 

 lie upon the ground, and here and there send out roots. 



Shoots {surculi), are the stems and branches of Mosses and 

 Jungermanniaj. 



Sprouts {turiones), are shoots of the present year, which 

 are not completely unfolded. 



