OF THE ORGANS. 6l 



calyx communis^ antJiodium, and periphoraiitJdmn, according 

 to Richard ; and j^erklinmm according to Cassini ; (Tab. II. 

 Fig. 2. 3.) The bracteae which stand on the base of this 

 bunch are then called the outer calyx (caly cuius, or, accord- 

 ing to Cassini, involucrum). 



88. 



In tlie Grasses, the exterior covering of the flowers is call- 

 ed the glume {gluma calycina, according to Panza, perista- 

 chium). 



In the Ferns, the membrane which covers the fruit, and 

 which in some genera, encompasses it like a bowl, is called the 

 veil (indusium) ; (Tab. II. Fig. 5.) 



In the Mosses, the leafy coverings which surround the 

 apparent sexual parts, are called perichatium ; (Tab. II. 

 Fig. 5.) The calyptre (calyptra), is the interior membra- 

 naceous, and often hairy covering of the ovarium, which, when 

 the fruit is ripe, bursts in a cross direction, or is longitudinal- 

 ly cleft, and for the most part continues till the opening of 

 the fruit. 



Similar calyptrae of the flowers appear m Marcgravia, As- 

 cium, Schreb. and Thylacium, Lour. Also in Calyptranthus, 

 Sw., Eucalyptus, Herit., Endesmia, Br. Pileanthus Labill., 

 and Lecythis, we find deciduous or permanent covers, which 

 pass over the sexual parts. 



In sponges there is a soft, open cover, which rises from 

 the root-knot, and is called wrapper {volva) ; as also the ring 

 (annulus) which divides and covers the stalk ; and when 

 these are reduced to threads, there is the cortina ; (Tab. I. 

 Fig. 29.) 



In the lower fungi, the cover of the germ and seed, which 

 for the most part is spherical, is called the peiidium ; (Tab. L 

 Fig. 25. 28., Tab. V. Fig. 7.) 



89. 

 The proper cup (calyx) is the external, and commonly green 

 cover of the sexual parts, which can either be easily distin- 

 guished from the internal coloured parts, or which passes in- 



