284 MALFORMATIO.N.S AND DISExVSES 



Hopkirk's Flora Anomoia, a general view of the anomalies in the Vegetable 

 Kingdom. 



Ginanni, Delle Malattie del Grano in erba. 



Tessier, Des Maladies des Grains. 



Fabricius, in Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. 



Plenck, Physiologia et Pathologia Plantarum. Vienna. 



Seetzen, Systematum de morbis plantarum dijudicatio. 



Burdach, Systematisches Handbuch der Obstbaum-Krankheiten. Berlin. 



F. Re Saggio, teorico-pratico ncUe Malattie delle Plante. 



Cir. Pollini, nella Biblioteca Italiana, torn. vi. 



F. W. Gothe, Zur Naturwissenschaft iiberhaupt, besonders zur Morpholo- 

 ^ie. Tubingen. 



409. 

 We have considered (176, 192.) the Abortion, Degenera- 

 tion, and Union of Organs, as effects of a constant law of na- 

 ture. If we would distinguish from these the Malformations 

 or Anomalies, we must consider these latter as variations or 

 degenerations of forms and colours, which are less permanent, 

 and which are not inconsistent with the health of the entire 

 plant. We say that malformations are variations or degene- 

 rations which are less permanent, because very often they 

 disappear by reproduction, although there are instances of 

 their being propagated for a short time. We distinguish 

 malformations from diseases by this circumstance, that in the 

 former all the organs continue to be propagated with their 

 due proportions. 



410. 



With respect to the causes of malformations, wc may re- 

 mark, that most of them arise from cultivation, and from 

 that too great attention which in cultivation is paid to some 

 particular organs; or they arise from too great luxuriancy of 

 growth, which is injurious to the constancy of the fundamen- 

 tal type of forms. AVe hence observe, that malformations 

 are again lost, when the sterility of the soil, and a coarser 

 method of treatment confine the growth. Even climate lias 

 an undeniable influence on many of tliese variations of form, 

 as we observe in the full or doul)le Hyacinths, which, after 

 bulbs have been brought from Holland, iniCold only once in 



