or TLANTS. 297 



soft woods of the Willow and Poplar arc attacked by Bomb, 

 cossus, Sesia crahroniformis^ and Nitidida grynea. The ca- 

 terpillars of B. graminis, lay waste the meadows, (De Geer, 

 Mem. sur les Insects, ii. p. 341.) ; and those of Hepiolus 

 Humuli, destroy the Hop-gardens. 



428. 

 Among insects of the order Hymenoptera, the Gall Insects 

 are the most remarkable, for they deposite their eggs in plants, 

 which consequently exhibit remarkable excrescences, and 

 these are often distinguished by the most singular shapes and 

 peculiar colours. The mossy and crisped excrescences upon 

 the Wild Rose, which are known by the name of Bedeguarj 

 proceed from Cynips Rosfc ; the gall-nut, from C quercu-s, 

 which produces different kinds, however, according as it ap- 

 pears on the leaves, on the leaf-stalk, or on the flower-stalk. 

 Hierac'mm sahaudnm^ Sidvia j^om'tf'era, and Glcchoma hc- 

 deracea, exhibit similar excrescences. The AVild Figs, too, 

 are punctured by similar insects, and although the swelling 

 of the fruit is thus assisted, the animals have no effect in pro- 

 ducing tlie impregnation of the plant ; (Pontedera Anthol. 

 ii. p, 33; Olivier Voy. dans Temp. Othom. ii. p. 171.) 



The origin of what is called the Willow Rose, from the 

 puncture of C. Salicis, is in the highest degree remarkable. 

 In spring, this insect deposites its eggs in the leaf-buds of the 

 Saliw Heli{v, alha^ and riparia. The new stimulus attracts 

 the sap, — the type of the part becomes changed, and, from 

 the prevailing acidity of the animal juice, it happens, that in 

 the rose or stock-shaped leaves, which are pushed out, a red 

 colour, instead of a green, is evolved. Superstition is thus 

 frequently cheated in its hopes, but it is also delivered from 

 its fear ; (Grass, in Eph. Nat. Cur. Dec. i. ann. 5. ; Winder 

 eben Dass. ann. vi. vii. n. 117. 229- ; Albrecht, in Act, 

 Nat. Cur. vol. ix. ; Schroter, in Berl. Samml. b. ii. ; Sims, 

 in Ann. of Rot. i. p. 374.)/ 



The Hylotoma Fabr., the larva of which are distinguished 

 by two prominent eyes, and eleven pair of feet, are extremely 

 injurious to Pines, especially one species of the insect (HylO' 



