320 HISTORY OF BOTANY. 



upon the situation oC the filaments, (140.) In France, tlie 

 same thini!; liappeneil, ])artly from the too great favour with 

 wliicli tlie system of Tournefort was received, partly because 

 Michael Adanson, of the Academy at Paris, who died 1806, 

 had again directed the attention of botanists, in his Fa- 

 milies des Plantes, to the i^.atural affinities (1G4), and Bern- 

 Iiarcl Jussieu, professor at Paris, who died 1777, founded 

 upon tliem a Natural jMethod, which is usually denomi- 

 nated the System of Trianon, because the plants were ar- 

 ranged according to this system in the royal garden at that 

 place ; (Mem. de f Acad, de Paris, 1774, p. 175—197.) The 

 Ibunder of this system took, as the principle of arrangement, 

 and the bond of the natural families, {)artly the pretended 

 number of cotyledons, partly the number of the petals, and 

 partly the insertion of the filaments on the receptacle, the 

 <-alyx, the corolla, or the pistil. 



Meanwhile, the principles of the sexual theory were dis- 

 cussed during the time of I^innaeus, and this doctrine was se- 

 cured against objections and misapplications. Joseph Gott- 

 Heb Kolreuter, professor at Carlsruhe, who died 1799, in his 

 preliminary notices respecting some experiments relating to 

 the sex of ])lants, 1761 to 1766, threw great light on the ne- 

 cessity of the co-operation of the two sexes. William Frede- 

 rick Von Gleichen, counsellor to the Margrave of Anspach, 

 who died 1783, raised some doubts respecting the actual pas- 

 sage of the pollen, and proposed many objections to the sex- 

 ual theory, (Das Neueste aus dem Planzenreich, Nurnberg, 

 1768, folio) ; and Caspar Frederick Wolf, of the academy at 

 Petersburgh, who died 1794, gave, in his 'J^heoria Genera- 

 tionis, Halle, 1774, the most complete discussion of the phe- 

 nomena of fructification, as he also gave tlie first explanation 

 of the evolution of the organs of plants from one another ; 

 (Nov. Comment. Petrop. xii. p. 403; xiii. p. 478.) 



457. 



The anatomy of plants was neglected in the time of Lin- 

 naus. But George Christian Reichel, professor at Leipsig, 

 wlu) died 1771 ; John Hill, phv^ician in I^ondon, who died 

 177-3; and Hornce Benedict de Sau^siire, who died 1799, 



