CI., v.] 8. PHYTKAMA SPICATU^F. .T.57 



upwards, whilst, in the Syngenesista^ the radicle is directed 

 downwards. 



Sebast. Vaillant, long ago, divided the Scabiosa^ into seve- 

 ral genera, which I have adopted with the names given by 

 Vaillant; (Vaillant in Mem. de Paris, 17^22. Anleit. zur 

 Kentn. der Gewash. 2. te Aufl. th. 2. s. 584.) Other writers 

 have unnecessarily given new names to them. 



Asteroceplialus Vaill. is one of those genera the character 

 oi' which consists in its many-leaved, almost simple calyx, in 

 having its flower divided into iive parts, and in its double 

 pappus, which is partly formed by a membranaceous circle, 

 and partly by five bristles. The Scabiosa, again, has its 

 flower divided into four parts, and the pappus consists sim})lv 

 of chaffy leaves. Sc. arvensis, succisa Vaill. has a scaly calyx, 

 a flower divided into four parts, and chaffy leaves, passing 

 into bristles, as its pappus. Sc. Succisa^ Pterocephalus Vaill 

 has a bristly receptacle, and a pinnated pappus. {Sc. pup- 

 posa.) 



CLASS V 



Phyteimia spicatum, L. 



Wald-Rapunzel, Taiibonkropf. — French, Ud'qmncc en rp'i 

 — Engl. Ravipion, spikc-Jiowcrcd. — Dan. Tnicvlckronc. 



This plant blossoms in our woods in June. From a root 

 about the thickness of a finger, whitish, tuberculous alxwe, 

 and fusiform below, which continues for several years, there 

 springs a herbaceous, smooth, simple stem, reddish at the un- 

 der part, green above, round, or slightly angular, commonly 

 about a foot and a half high, frequently, also, of the length 

 of an arm. The leaf-stalks are a small span long, alternate, 

 open, far from one another, smooth, marked by furrows, and 

 embracino- the stem at their base: higher uj) they hi>(()i)ir 



