38 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 



and a group of wapentakes once, obtaining commissions/ 

 Only 14 towns ^ and 4 of the private franchises ^ appear 

 in this series, and of the counties palatine only Lancas- 

 ter/ making at most a total of 58, nearly a third less 

 than the previous total. It appears, therefore, that the 

 justices of labourers were frequently acting within much 

 smaller geographical limits than were their confreres of 

 the peace; but it is worthy of note that, for this decade 

 at least, there is no foundation for Lambard's complaint 

 that before the statute of 1360 commissions were made 

 to the " Wardeins of the peace, not alwaies seuerally 

 into each shire, but sometimes ioyntly to sundry persons 

 ouer sundrie shires." ^ 



All the joint commissions and most of the separate 

 commissions of the peace, in cases where they were 

 issued to towns, include a no7i-introniittant clause as 

 against the keepers of the peace of the county.^ As far 

 as I can discover, a similar clause against the county jus- 



*Pat., 30, pt. I, m. 20 d, IS Nov.; liberties of Pickering, Whitby 

 and Scarborough and wapentakes of Rydale and Harfordlyth. 



^13 identical with those in the first list; see app., 139, and Grantham 

 in addition; Pat., 30, pt. i, m. 20 d, 10 May. 



^Pat., 28, pt. I, m. 21 d, 25 Feb., Richmond; 11 March, Holderness; 

 30, pt. I, m. 20 d, 25 Oct., liberty of abbot of Reading in Berks,; 8 

 Nov., towns of Cambridge and Chesterton. 



* Calendar, R. D. K., xxxii, app. i. 



*Lambard, Eirenarcha, 20-21; but cf. p. 51. 



*C/. e.g., Pat., 26, pt. 2, m. 20 d, 25 .Tvne {Cal., ix, 332); town 01 

 Beverley. On one occasion four out of the eight keepers and justices 

 acting in Holderness are instructed by a supplementary writ that they 

 alone are to act in the town of Hedon ; Claus., 27, m. 19; 22 April; 

 " De non intromittendo de custodia pacis infra villam de Hedon" 

 {Cal., ix, 543). Beard, op. cit., 147, quotes Hale to the effect that in 

 the Tudor period unless the charter of a corporation had the exclusion 

 clause, the county justices could exercise their jurisdiction within its 

 borders, even if it had justices of its own. 



