148 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 



revenue from these penalties, a careful statistical study 

 should be made of the cases on the Memoranda Rolls and 

 of the corresponding entries on the Pipe Rolls. Some thir- 

 teen claimants by charters have come under my observation, 

 ecclesiastics and the king's immediate family dividing between 

 them the gains resulting from the statutes : ^ the former 

 include the primate,- five abbots,^ and three bishops,' while 

 Edward, as duke of Cornwall and as prince of Wales ^ 

 figures almost as frequently as his cousin, Henry of Lan- 

 caster; ^ the two queens make up the list" Even through 

 the medium of this imperfect study of the claims of the 

 lords of franchises it is possible to see the importance at- 

 tached by them as well as by the crown, to the penalties 

 under the statutes of labourers. 



In coming to the end of the subject of the penalties, there 



' There is in the Record Office a manuscript Hst whicli I neglected to 

 examine in which is recorded an abstract of the claims of the lords to 

 fines in general; cf. Scargill-Bird, Guide, 330. My list may easily not 

 be complete; and I give merely a few references to the processes on the 

 Memoranda Rolls, in order to show the procedure in use. 



"App., 378-379; special justices had been appointed within his liber- 

 ties; app., 140. 



^Peterborough, Mem. L. T. R., 2>iy Mich., Recorda, rot. 14; Fecamp, 

 app., 382-388; Ramsey, Mem. L. T. R., 22, Mich., Recorda, rot. 2d; 

 Reading, ibid., 34, Mich., Precepta, rot. 5, Oxford et Berks.; West- 

 minster, p. 145, note 7. Of these only the first and the fourth had ob- 

 tained special justices; cf. app., 139. 



^Carlisle, Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda. rot. 15 d; Winchester, 

 ibid., 34, Mich., Precepta, rot. 5 d, Oxford and Berks.; Worcester, 

 ibid., 34, Hill., Precepta. rot. 6, Warwick and Leicester. None of 

 these had special justices. 



*Mem. L. T. R.. 33, Mich.. Recorda, rot. 16, Lincoln'. 



^Ibid., rot. 15, Lincoln'. 



'Isabel, Mem. L. T. R.. 31, Hill., Precepta, rot. 6, Notts, and 

 Derby; Philippa, ibid., 34, Pasch., Precepta, Kent. These last four 

 had special justices; app., 140-141. 



