Mi-RKocH.] HAWAIIAN WOKliS AXI.MAl.S. 55 



P^iiglisli. cliieriy a few Datlis and cxclainations like -(;,.t ,,ut of licic," 

 and the words of surli son-s as -Littl.' I'.rowii .liii;" and "Slion h'ly." 

 curiously distorted. Tlicy have as a rule invented -enniiie Plskiino 

 words for civilized articles which are new to tlieiii.' J<;veii in liieir 

 intimate relations -n-itli us thi'y learned Inil few more phrases and in 

 most cases without a kuowled,i;e of theii- nieaiun;^. 



There are a few Hawaiian words introduced l>y tiie Kanaka sailois on 

 the whaleships, which are universally eniphiyed between whites and 

 Eskimo along the wh(de of the Arctic coast, and o<'casionally at least 

 among the Eskimo themselves. These are hm L((ii.- food, oi' to eat ; Iihhk 

 h(n((, \vink;pu)ii-piini, cuitHK, aud^^n*. not. ]V<iIiliir. woman, is also used, 

 but is less conmion. Another foreign word now universallv emploNcd 

 among them in their intercourse with the whites, and even. I hclieNc. 

 among themselves, is "kuiiii:" for woman or wife. They tiiemseives 

 told us that it was not an Eskimo word — "When there were no white 

 men, there was no kitni'i)"' — and some of tiie whalemen who had liceii 

 at Hudson Bay said it was the "(rrceidand" word for woman. It was 

 not until our return to this country that we discovered it to be the 

 Danish word koiw, woman, which in the corrupted form "eoony" is in 

 common use among the eastern Eskimo generally in the .jargon they 

 employ in dealing with the whites. Knniv is "coony" with the suffix 

 of the third i)erson. and therefore means •• his wife." It is sometimes 

 used at Point liarrow for either of a married couple in the sense of our 

 word "Spouse. " 



NATURAL RESOURCES. 



AMMALS. 



These people are acquainted with the following animals, all of which 

 are more or less hunted, ami serve some nsefnl purpose. 



Mainiiuds. — The wolf, amaxo (Canis lupus griseo-albus), is not uncom- 

 mon in the interior, hut rarely if ever reaehes the coast. Red and black 

 fo.xes, kaia'ktuk ( Vuljies fnlvus fulvus and argeutatus),are chiefly known 

 from their skins, which are common articles in the trade with the eastern 

 natives, and the sanu' is trTu; of the wolverine, ka'vwifi (Gulo luscus), 

 and the niarti'ii, kabweatyia (Mustela americaiuv). The arctic fox. 

 t^'-rlgunit! (Vul])es lagopus), is very abuiulaut along the coast, while the 

 ermine (Putorius ermiuea) and I'arry's spermopUile (Spermophilus 

 empetra empetra) are not rare. The last is called siksin. Lemmings, 

 a'vwiUG, of two species (Cuniculus torcpiatus and Myodes obensis) are 



'See list of "New Words," Kep. Point Barrow Exp., p. 57. 



"Tlie history oltliis wont, wliidl also appears as a Chuckcli word in some i.f th.- v.iiiilmlarii-s col- 

 lecti-d l>.v N'.>rd.iiski.;l.rs .xjn-.litiun, is rather curious. Chamisso (Kot/..-bii. , \ "\ il-. "I -', 11. 392, 

 foot iiuTi) s:i\,. Ill, If ilii^ i- .1 Hawaiian corruption of the well-known 'I'il' I - < ails it 



Chiii.-.si-i w.inl . !,..« rl„,u ivrrntly (in 1816-'17) .adopted by the .Samlwiili I- n -i - 1 people 



witli wlioni tlicy ira.l,-. 1 am inlonu'ed that the word is not of C'liinese on-m i-.i |,'mI. V.I nn,- Irom 

 India, like many other words in •■I'igeon-En-lish-" Chamisso als,) calls pdmjMui a rhi.ifse word, 

 but I have been able to learn uothinf; of its oriijin 



