GG THE POINT T'.AKKOW ESKIMO. 



They use ;ill kinds of tohaccn, hut readily distiiiyuisli and desire the 

 sorts considered better by the whites. I'or instance, tiicy were eager to 

 get the excellent quality of "Navy" tiibaeeo I'mnislied by the Com- 

 missary Department, while one of our iiarty \\lii> iiad a large quantity 

 of exceedingly bad tinecut tol)aec() could hanlly give it away. A little 

 of the strong yellow •'('iicassiau" tobacco used by the Russians for 

 trading is occasionally brought up lioiu the southwest, aud perhaps also 

 by the Xunatanniiun, and is \ cry highly juized, probably because it was 

 in this form that they tirst saw tobacco. Snuff seems to be unknown; 

 tobacco is used only for chewing and smoking. The habit of chewing 

 toltacco is almost universal. Men, women, and even children, though 

 the latter be but 2 or 3 years old and unweaned,' when tobacco is to be 

 obtained, keej) a "chew," often of enormous size, constantly in the mouth. 

 The juice is not spit out, but swallowed with the saliva, witliout pro- 

 ducing any signs of nausea. The tobacco is idu'wed by itself and not 

 sweetened with sugar, as was ol)served by Hooper and Nordenskiijld 

 among the "Olmkches."* 1 knew but two adult Eskimo in Utkiavwiii 

 who did not chew tobacco, and ime of these adopted the habit to a cer- 

 tain extent while we were there. 



Tobacco is smoked in pipes of a peculiar jiattern called kui'nyi!, of 

 which the collection contains a series of ten specimens. 



Of these, No. 89288 [705],^ figured in Ray's Point Barrow Report, 

 Ethnoh)gy, PI. i, Fig. 1, will serve as a tyi)e. The bowl is of brass, 

 neatly inlaid on the upper sm-face with a narrow ring of copper close to 

 the edge, from which lun four converging lines, 90° apart, nearly to the 

 center. Round the under surface are also three concentri(^ rings of 

 copj)er. The wooden stem appears to l)e willow or birch, and is in two 

 longitudinal sections, held together by the lashing of sealskin thong 

 which serves to attach the bowl to the stem. This lashing was evidently 

 put on wet aud allowed to shrink on, and the ynds ar-e seciu'cd by tuck- 

 ing under the turns. The whipping at the mouthpiece is of fine sinew 

 thread. A picker of steel for cleaning out the bowl is attached to the 

 stem by a piece of seal thong, the end ol' w hicii is wedged under the 

 turns of the lashing. The remaining pipes are all of the saints general 

 pattern, but vary in the nniterial of the bowl and in details (tf execu- 

 tion. The stems are always of the same material and put together in 

 the same way, but are sometimes lozenge-shaped instead of elliiitical 

 in section. The lashing is sometimes of three-ply sinew braid. The 

 bowl shows the greatest variation, both in form and material. 



Fig. Gft (No. 5G737 [10], from Utkiavwiii) has an iron bowl, noticeable 

 for the ornamentation of the shank. The metal work has all been done 

 with the file except the fitting of the saucer to the shank. This has 

 evidently been heated and shrunk on. Three pipes have bowls of 



■ (,:..r,ip:iii. ,T. Simiison, op. cit., p. 250, and NordonskioUl, Vega, viil. 2. p. 116. 



'1. nlM.tc.., p.83; Vega, vol. 2, p. 110. 



' llir iiiiiiibera first given are tlioao of the N.atJonal Museum ; tin- iinmlK.-rs in braeket.^ are tliose of 



