22-2 Tin: point barrow eskimo. 



All of the Eskimo race, as far as I have any definite information, use 

 tojr^'le harpoon hcails. There are specimen.s in the National Museum 

 from (Ireenland, ("umherlaiid Gidf, the Anderson and Mackenzie region, 

 and from the Alaskan coast from Point Barrow to Kadiak, as well as 

 from SI. Lawrence Island, which are all of essiiitially the same type, 

 hut sli^;htly iiiodificd in dillerent localities. The harpoon head in use 

 at Siiiii'i Sniiinl is of tlie same form as the walrus harpoon heads used 

 at i'.ihii Karrow. hut appears always to have the shaft socket made by 

 a jiroo\e closed wiili tlioiius.' in Danish Greenland, liowevex, the body 

 lias an extra i)airor hilateral barbs below the blade. The Greenlanders 

 have, as it were, siibstitiilcd a metal blade for the point only of the 

 barbed blade portion of sncli a bone head as No. 89379 [795].^ 



(,"uriously enonf^h, tliis Ibrm of the toj^glo head apjjears again in the 

 Mackenzie, and Anderson region, as shown by the extensive collections 

 of Ross, Mai-I''arl;iiie, and others. In this region th(>. metal blade itself is 

 often cut into one or moic|iaiis of bilateral iKirbs. At the Straits of Fury 

 and Ilecla, i'arry found the liarpo,u) head, with a body like the walrus 

 harpoon heads at Point I'.aiidw.' but with the blade in the plane of the 

 liody barb. Most of the pictures scattered through the work represent 

 the blade in this position, but Fig. P.) on the same plate has the blade 

 at right angles to the barb, so that the older form may not be universal. 

 .\t (lumberlaiid (Julf the form of the body is considerably modified, 

 though the bhide is of the usual shape and in the ordiuary iiositiou. 

 'I'hc ImiiIv is ihitteiK'd at right angles to the usual direction, so that the 

 thickness is nnu;h greater than the width. Tt always has two body 

 barbs. On the western coast the harpoon heads an- much less modified, 

 though there is a ten(h'ncy to increase the number of body barbs, at the 

 same time ornamenting the body more elaborately as we go south from 

 I'.eriug Strait. Walrus harpoon heads with a single barb, hardly dis- 

 tinguishable from those used at Point Barrow, are in the collectiou from 



tiie Diomedcs 1 all al(uig the uortheru shore of Norton Sound, and 



one also tVoui the iiioiiih of the Kuskoquim. They are probably also 

 used from Point liai-row to Kotzebue Sound. At St. Lawrence Island 

 and on the Asiatic shore they are the common if not the universal form." 

 The seal harpoon head (nauli;) at Point Harrow aj.pears always to have 

 the body barb split at the ti|. into two, and this is the case rarely with 

 the tii'ki!. This form, wiiicli appears occasionally north of Norton 

 Sound (Port ( 'lareuce, Oape N(Hue), appears to be more c(unnion south of 

 this locality, where, however, a pattern with the b;irb divided into three 

 points.seems to l)e the prevailing form. I will now proceed to the (h'- 



•scription of the dilferent forms of hari n with which these toggle 



heads are used. 



'K;.n.-, M Ciiimi.n Kx].,. vuL l, pp. 4r: ;iii,l 41 

 809. Fifja. «-I2. 

 'Craiitz. vol. I, p. 140, ami IM. v, I.-i<;.s. 1 mi\ 2, ; 

 '2.1 Vnyuso, IM. uppiwil,, p. Mil. Vvs. l.i. 



