.>(5(j Tin; rcuNT nAimow eskimo. 



sinuhMi..tlu'i.rn(-Ik'.Ml.-s,nilM'd l.y S.lnvatka' ain.niothe''NetscUilluk'' 

 f Iviii"- William's Ijaiiii, wiit-ri' a ii:i<- "f caiiiis as high as a man aud 

 r!(i to KtO yards apart is ixiilt alou- a rid-c runuiiig obUqiiely to the 

 watiM- When dew arc seen feeding near the water the men form a 

 skirmish line from tlie last raiiii to tlu'^ water and advance slowly. 

 The deer mistake tlie caii lis for men anil take to the water, where they 

 are easiJv spear.d. 



The most important .leer luint takes plaee in the late fall and early 

 spring. Nvheu the natives go inland M or T.". miles to the upper waters of 

 Kiiaru and Kulugrna, where the deer aic exec'dingly plentiful at this 

 season. Capt. Uerendeen, who went inland with the deer hunters in the 

 autumn of LSSli, reports that the bottom lands of Kulugrna " h)oked like 

 a. eattle yard," from the tia.-ks of the reindeer. They start as soon as 

 it is possible to travel across tlie country with sledges, usually about the 

 first of October, taking guns, ammunition, tishing tackle, and the nec- 

 essary household iiiciisjls for themselves and their families, and stay till 

 the davlight ucis too sliort for hunting. In 1882, many parties got home 

 about Octohcr -'7 or I's. At this season there is seldom snow enough 

 to build snow lints, so they generally live in tents, always close to the 

 rivers from which they procure water for household use. The men 

 spend their time hunting the deer, while the women bring in the game, 

 attend to drying the skins and the household work, and catch whiteflsh 

 ami burbot "thr.mgh the ice ,,f the rivers, which are now frozen hard 

 enough for this purjiosc. Sdini- of the oM men and those who have not 

 a supply of ammunition engage in the same pursuit, 



A comiiaratively small number of the |.co]ile go out to this fall deer 

 hunt, which appears lo lie a new custom, adopted siiu'e Dr. Simpson's 

 time. It was iiroliably not wovtli while to go out after deer at seasons 

 when there was not enough snow for iligging iiitfalls, since they depended 

 cliietly on these for the capture of the reindeer before the introduction 

 of lirearms. Fully halldf each village go out on the spring deer hunt, 

 as they did in Maguiie"s time, the lirst parties starting out with the 

 return of the sun, about .laimary •-.'•;, and the others following in the 

 course of twoorlhrei' weeks, and reiiiaiii out till about the middle of 

 Ajuil, when it is time to come back for tin' whale tislicry. The people 

 of ntkiaNwin alwa\s tia\cl to the hunting grounds by a regular road, 

 which is the same as that followed by Lieut. Kay in his exploring trip.s. 

 They travel along the coast on the ice wherevi-r it is smooth enough till 

 they reach ST'nani. and then strike across country, crossing Kuaru and 

 reaching Kulugrna near the hill Niiasii'knan. (See map, PI. ii.) 



The ]ieople from N'liwuk travel straight aia'oss Kls(ui Hay to the south 

 till they reach nearly the same region. Some |iarties frcun Nuwuk also 

 hunt in the rough c(Miiitry between Kulugrna and Ikpikpuil. As the 

 sledges are heavily laden with camp eiiuipage, provisions and oil for 

 the lamjis. they travel slowly, taking four or Ave days for the journey, 



