304 TIIK POINT ISAKHOW KSKIMO. 



It is finished ofllby \viii(liii{;tlie end tlircc or four times round these turns, 

 so as to tijihtcn them up, and hitchinj;- it round two of them on one side. 

 Tiiis metho<l of haftiuf;- differs in no essential respect from that used on 

 the mauls and adzes above described. 



\\C lia\ f also two lieads for such mattocks, which hardly differ from 

 tin- one described, except the Xo. ."KU'U [285] has the notches for the 

 lasllin^^•< on the side nt' I lie licail instead of on the upper surface. It is 

 10 inches lon«. The (.thcr. No. SilSi.i [104,-}J, Fig. 304rt, is ti very rude 

 head made of an almost cylindrical piece of rib. This is a very old tool, 

 which from its oily condition has evidently been long laid away in 

 some blubber room at I'tkiavwln. It is 15-2 inches long. 



These blunt-pointed mattdcks are not so much used at present as 

 picks with a sliarji point mounted in the same way, and specially adapted 

 for working in ice or hard frozen soil. I have, however, ncNcr seen them 

 nsed for cutting holes in the ice for Hsliing, which some a ml mis liavesup- 

 jHised to be what they were nu'ant for. Their shajie makes tlieui very 

 inconvenient for any such a pur])ose, except when the ice is very thin. 



The ice pick, like those cairied on the butt of the spear, is under any 

 circumstances a more serviceable tool. These, sharp pickax heads are 

 genei'ally made of a walrus tusk, the natural .shape of which requires 

 very little alieiatioii to tit it for the imrposc. We collected three of 

 these ivory iieads, all \cry nearly alike, of which No. 56539/* [00], Fig. 

 30t/*. will serve as the type. This is the tip of a good-sized walrus 

 tusk. 1 1'L' inches lon^, |iieser\ing very iu\'»rly the natural outline of the 

 tusk exci'pt at the point, wlieie it is rotiiideil o(f rather more abruptly 

 above. It is keeled along the iippcf edge and on the lower edge at 

 the point, so that the latter is foiu-sided, and the sides of the butt are 

 flattened. On the under side the butt is cut (.ff flat for aUont .i.i inches, 

 leaving a low tlan.^c or ridge, and roughened with crosscuts to fit the 

 end of the halt, and the butt is iierlbrateil with two large trauverse eyes 

 for the lashing. The other two heads are almost exactly like this and 

 very nearly the same size. 



Sharp pointed pick heads of whale's bono ap]iear also to have been 

 used, proliahly at an earlier date than the neatly finished ivory ones, as 

 we collected tlnee such heads, all v<'ry old ami roughly made, and hav- 

 ing notches i,v -roov.'s fbr the lashings in.stead of eyes. Fig. 304c is 

 one of these. No. s!»sil |1;U5|, from Utkiavwiu, very rudely cut from a 



1 <lo not lecolleci seeing any of these bone-headod picks in use, while 

 the ivoiy headed one was one of the cominonest tools. This Eskimo 

 tool is ill use at I'lllckaj, a villagv supposed to be wholly inhabited by 

 •sedentary Chiikches.' 



TdOLS FdK SNOW AND ICK WORKING. 



Snow k)iires.~Fov cutting the blocks of snow used in building the 



'Xordi-usliiuld's figures, Vcga, vol. 2, p. 123. 



