3(10 tin; I'OIXT llAIIItfAV ESKIMO. 



tin- n-ion :il>(iui I'illrkaJ, liowfvcr, the (loss arc hanicssiMl "taiKlcin" 

 ill pairs, as is I he case at Niirtoii Siimul, wiierti a, more efficient liar- 

 iicss is also used, uliirli is priiliably iiiit Eskimo, lint learned from tlie 

 wliites. ' N(ir(lciisi<iiil(i- expresses the opinion that the Eskimo method 

 ..nla^lles^ill•;■ tiie doj;s ahi.Msf iiiilicates that the Eskimos have lived 

 l,.in;vr than "tlie (llinkciiis north of tiie limit of trees; in other words, 

 lliat the iiietiiod of iianiessiiiu' thedoji's tandem is the older one. and 

 that till- Eskimo liave learned to harness them abreast since tliey left 

 the woodland rei;i(iiis. I can liardl\- a.i;-ree with these conclusions, for 

 it seems to me that the easiest and most natural method of attaching 

 the doji'S woiilil lie to fasten eaidi directly to the sled 1)y its own trace. 

 Now, when many dous are attached to the sled in this way, the outer 

 doxs<-an not a|ipl\ ihcir sti eiiutli in a direct line but must pull obliquely, 

 and, moreover, as \\ c know to lie the case, so many long traces are 

 constantly lieconiiii.u entaii.uled. and each individual doji' has to be kejit 

 strai.ulit liy tlic driver. If. however, the dogs be made fast to a long 

 line, one heliind tlie (itlicr, not only does each pull straight ahead, but 

 if tlie leader be kept to the track he pulls the other dogs after him, re- 

 lie\ing the dri\'er of the greater part of the care of them. 



It .seems to nic tlicicfore, that the tandem method is an improvement 

 in dog haiiic-siim. which has been adojited only by the natives of 

 northcastci II t^ibei ia. and northwestern America, and has uo counectiou 

 with the wooded or unwooded state of the country.^ 



lUNTING SCORES. 



The only tiling that we saw of the nature of numerical records were 

 the series of animals engraved upon ivory, already alluded to. In most 

 cases we were unable to learn whether the figures really represented 

 an actual record or not, though the bag handle, No. 894:24: [800] 

 already figured, was said to contain the actnal score of whales killed 

 by old ViVksina. The custom does not appear to be so iirevaleut 

 as at Norton kSoniid (see above, p. 1 17). Many of these pos.sible scores 

 hiding engia\c(l on i\ory implements have already been described. 

 With one exception tliey only record the cajiture of whales or reindeer. 

 The exception (No. s'.di!,-) [17.U], Fig. l.').}^) presents a series of ten 

 bearded seals. The icindeer are usually depicted in a natural attitude, 

 and some ot the cinumstaiwes of the hunt are usually represented, 

 for instance, a man is ligureil aiming with a bow and arrow toward a 

 a line of I'eindcer, indicating that smdi a number were taken by .shoot- 

 ing, while a string of deer, represented without legs as they would ap- 



