PLEURISY. Ill 



ing. The horse must inhale the air; but he evidently 

 obeys the necessity with reluctance. The inspiration 

 is timid and cautious ; but it must be made. It is, 

 however, never full ; before it can be completed, the 

 pain which it induces obliges the animal to desist, and 

 with a jerk the breath is expelled. 



The ear applied to the ribs of a horse suffering 

 from pleurisy will detect a grating sound. When 

 that is heard, the evidence as to the nature of the 

 disease may be regarded as conclusive; but, if farther 

 proof be wanted, it will generally be seen in the 

 quivering of the muscles, or circumscribed corrugation 

 of the skin upon the fore parts of the body. 



This disease being inflammation of the lining 

 membrane of the chest, the sides will also be more or 

 less tender, and sometimes excessively so. This will 

 be rendered evident by tapping, or even pressing 

 between the ribs ; for the horse will then shrink 

 under the hand. The inflammation of pneumonia is 

 more deeply seated ; and, although in both diseases 

 the horse shows that he feels pain by looking anx- 

 iously at his sides, he does so more frequently, and 

 the tenderness externally is more generally present 

 during the existence of pleurisy. 



In this disease, indeed, the pain is sometimes so 

 severe as to induce the horse to lie down and roll. 



One of the most characteristic circumstances, how- 

 ever, is the colour of the membrane of the nose. In 

 pneumonia, this membrane, being a continuation of 

 that which is inflamed, is intensely red ; but there 

 is no connexion between the membrane of the nose 

 and the pleura ; therefore it is never so highly red- 



