GRAVEL AND STONE IN THE BLADDER. 1 71 



RECIPE (No. 45). 



Drink for Irritable Bladder. 



Take— Linseed oil, six ounces, and beat it up with the yolk of an 

 egg ; then add chloroform, one drachm ; 



Extract of gentian, two drachms ; with 

 Opium and Uva Ursi, of each one drachm. 

 Give this every third morning. 



GRAVEL AND STONE IN THE BLADDER. 



These are far from being unusual complaints. It is 

 very common to see a horse discharge a great deal of 

 gravel with his urine. Several pounds have been 

 evacuated in the course of a few months. 



The symptoms of stone in the bladder are well 

 marked. In the first place the urine is thick ; loaded 

 with mucus or pus ; or it may contain blood. This 

 would lead attention to the urinary organs ; but, in 

 addition, is the manner of staling. The horse dis- 

 charges the fluid freely ; but the current stops sud- 

 denly ; and after it has done so, the animal continues 

 straining violently, though nothing passes from him. 



The nature of the complaint being suspected, it is 

 very easily put to the test; for, as was observed when 

 the diseases of the bladder were described, that viscus 

 is readily felt from the rectum ; the presence and size 

 of the stone may be thus ascertained. 



Nothing but the removal of the stone can give relief. 

 To accomplish this there are two methods, either of 

 which the proprietor may adopt. The urinary calculi 

 in the horse are composed mostly of the carbonate of 

 lime or chalk. This substance is readily dissolved by 

 muriatic acid ; and as the mineral acids in their pas- 

 sage through the body undergo little or no change, if 

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