THE GRAYLING 153 



they are called, the number and position of 

 which are shown on the plate. The females 

 are larger than the males, and in them the 

 shades of brown are more sharply contrasted. 

 This is one of the species I had in mind 

 when I spoke of the protection afforded 

 to butterflies which frequent open spots. 

 Flying in downs without shelter, the gray- 

 ling is especially exposed to the attacks of 

 enemies, but the grey mottling of the under 

 sides of the wings resembles lichen so 

 closely, that when the insect alights with the 

 wings folded, it is well nigh indistinguishable. 

 I have watched a grayling alight among 

 bents, and have looked for it on all sides in 

 vain, until it suddenly arose among my feet. 



The Meadow Brown (Epinephele janira), 

 Plate XV., Fig. 4, is much more abundant. 

 In fact, it is one of our commonest butterflies. 

 I have figured the male. The female has 

 the eye-spot surrounded by a large orange- 

 tawny patch. The extent of brown and 

 tawny on these insects is variable. Several 

 butterflies, which resemble the Meadow 

 Brown, either differ from it in size, or have 

 a larger number of eye-spots. 



