242 THE CHAFFINCH. 



derful than pleasant. Chaffinches which unite with this 

 the sharp wine song of Ruhl, are rare and valuable, and chieflj 

 to be met with in Ruhl and Eisenach. Thirdly, when the last 

 note of this song is not gutyahr, but witzia, it is called by this 

 name. The preceding passages are the same as in the Good- 

 year song. This is a variety very common in Franconia. 



9. The Kienochl, or Quakia, which also derives its name 

 from the concluding note. There are two varieties of this : 

 the double and the single Quakia; the former consisting of 

 two passages, the latter only of one. This, which is a natural 

 song, though very much improved by training, was once highly 

 prized, but is now gone quite out of fashion, being superseded 

 by the Good "Wine song. I believe that I possess the only bird 

 which is now capable of executing it. It ought to be joined, 

 as is the case with every Chaffinch, with a clear double trill. 



10. The Pardkikah. No word is ever more distinctly ut- 

 tered by Chaffinches than this, which occurs in a song not un- 

 common in Franconia and the west side of the Thuringian 

 forest. As a natural song, it consists of two ; when improved 

 by training, of three passages, and concludes with the usual 

 Tza/p. 



1 1 . The PitJiia, or Trewetliia, is a rare but agreeable song, 

 not unfrequently to be heard in the remotest parts of the Thu- 

 ringian forest. When perfected by training, it consists of a 

 single sonorous passage, followed by the frequent repetition of 

 the syllable, TzacJi, and concluded by the word Trewididac. 

 At one time, birds which united this with the common Sharp 

 Wine song, were very much prized. 



12 The Schwartzgelilhr, a natural song, not uncommon 

 about Sonnenberg and Steinach. "When improved by the edu- 

 cation of the aviary, it consists of three passages, in the last of 

 which the word from which it derives its name is very dis- 

 tinctly heard. It is concluded with the syllable, Pink. A 

 bird whose natural song this is, is frequently taught the Beit- 

 zug, and if perfect in both, is considered very valuable. 



The above varieties of the song of the Chaffinch are those 

 which are most prized in Thuringia, Saxony, and Franconia. 

 Many of these, as I have said, may be heard from wild birds, 

 but not so perfectly as from those confined in the aviary. If 

 a bird possesses but one of these songs, it generally sings more 

 slowly, distinctly, and with more depth and loudness, than 



