CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCES 95 



the Synoptic Physical Sciences are already precise, 

 or in process of becoming precise. This is notably 

 the case with Chemistry, Geology and Mineralogy. 



(2) THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES those dealing 

 with Organic Phenomena are divided by Pear- 

 son as follows: 



First, there are those branches of biological 

 science which deal with the spatial relations, or 

 the localization of living creatures. Here Pearson 

 includes the study of the Distribution of Living 

 Forms (C horology) and the study of habits in 

 relation to environment (Ecology). "These form 

 the major portion of what in the old sense was 

 termed Natural History." [Prof. Pearson's classi- 

 fication seems to us, in this instance, too hard 

 and fast. The distinctive feature of animal 

 behaviour is certainly not its spatial relation.] 

 Secondly, there are those branches of biological 

 science which deal with sequence in time with 

 growth or change. The non-recurring phases are 

 called Evolution (of plants, animals, and man); 

 the recurring phases are called Growth. The 

 study of non-recurring growth is History; the 

 study of recurring growth is Biology in the nar- 

 rower sense. [This seems to us again too hard 

 and fast. Thus we do not think that the trans- 

 formation through variation and selection which is 

 at the heart of racial evolution, and the differen- 

 tiation and integration which are at the heart of 



