CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCES 113 



be useful to have one word like "geneology" 

 (altering a letter in genealogy) to cover them 

 both. 



(4) There remains a fourth question, since 

 Darwin's day asked with a new hopefulness 

 How have these living creatures come to be as 

 they are? What are the originative and what 

 the directive factors in evolution? How has the 

 raw material of progress, which we call variations, 

 been made available throughout the countless 

 ages? and how has this raw material been fash- 

 ioned to shape and use in improved adaptations 

 and endless new departures? The attempts to 

 answer these and similar questions are laying 

 the foundation-stones of the young sub-science 

 of ^Etiology. 



The primary sub-sciences of Biology are thus 

 four: 



Morphology, the study of static relations, of 



form and structure. 

 Physiology, the study of dynamic relations, of 



habit and function. 

 Geneology, the study of development or of 



individual becoming (Embryology), or of 



the rock-recorded facts of racial history 



(Palaeontology). 

 ^Etiology, the study of the factors in racial 



evolution. 



