CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



II. Internal Structure of the Vegetative Organs , , 152 



a. Stem. ..... 152 



b. Leaf ...'.,. 160 



c. Root . . . . . .164 



d. Growing-Points and mode of Branching . 168 

 Summary of Monocotyledonous Anatomy . . 171 



III. Internal Structure and Development of the Repro- 

 ductive Organs . . . . . .173 



a. Development of the Flower . . .174 



b. Structure of the Perianth and Stamens . 176 



c. Structure of the Pistil . . .179 



d. Ovules . . . . .180 



e. Pollination and Fertilisation . , 183 

 /. Development of the Embryo , .187 

 g. Endosperm ..... 190 

 h. The Ripe Seed and Fruit . . .193 

 *'. Germination . . , , .194 



Summary ....,,. 195 



CHAPTER III 

 OUTLINES OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION . , 200 



I. The Food of Plants 201 



II. Assimilation of Carbon ..... 207 



III. Absorption . . . . .217 



IV. The Ascent of the Sap 219 



V. Respiration . . . . . .228 



CHAPTER IV 

 Type III 



THE SPRUCE FIR (Picea excelsa, Link.) . . .233 



I. Anatomy of the Vegetative Organs 



a. Stem ...... 238 



b. Leaf 248 



