MAMMALIA, 417 



the various patterns which result from the various forms, 

 directions, and proportions in which the enamel and cement 

 alternate with the dentine," or substance of the teeth, in the 

 crowns of the complex molars.* 



In the brief notice here given of the ruminating animals, 

 the facts relating to their geographical distribution are given 

 on the authority of Mr. Waterhouse, and occasionally in his 

 words. Some well known example is adduced of each of the 

 nine groups enumerated by that eminent naturalist. 



I. (Camelus). " The Arabian Camel (Djemal of the 

 Arabs), from which the Dromedary is only distinguished by 

 higher breeding and finer qualities both being possessed of 

 only one humpt is a native of Asia, where, from the earliest 

 ages to the present day, it has formed the chief means of 

 communication between the different regions of the East. Its 

 present geographical distribution extends over Arabia, Syria, 

 Asia Minor, to the foot of the Caucasian chain, the south of 

 Tartary, and part of India. In Africa, it is found in the 

 countries extending from the Mediterranean to the Senegal, 

 and from Egypt and Abyssinia to Algiers and Morocco. It 

 is also very abundant in the Canary Islands." 



" After the conquest of Granada, the Arabian Camel was 

 introduced into Spain, by the Moors, and at that time it was 

 abundant in the southern provinces, but as a species it is now 

 extinct. The only place in Europe where this Camel is now 

 reared is at Pisa." 



II. (Auchenia). The Llamas, which have been justly 

 termed the " Camels of the New World," diifer from the 

 former from being of smaller size, and in the absence of the 

 hump. They belong exclusively to South America, and 

 chiefly to the western part of the great chain of the Andes. 

 Unlike their Old World relatives who inhabit " Araby the 

 blest," and other sunny regions, the Llamas are found amid 

 the bleak and rocky precipices bordering on the limit of 

 perpetual snow. Owing to the low temperature of Patagonia, 

 they approach the vicinity of the sea. " From this they 

 spread over the elevated regions of the Andes, and in large 

 herds attain, on Chimborazo, the limit of perpetual snow, 

 which there reaches a height of 15,800 feet." 



* Odontography, p. 527. 



f The Camel with two humps is regarded only as a variety, not as a 

 distinct species. 



