462 GLOSSARY. 



BRACHYU'RA, a group of crustaceous animals, distinguished like 

 the Crab by the shortness of the tail. Gr. brachys, short, 

 and oura, a tail. 



BRAN'CHLE, the gills or respiratory organs of fishes and other 

 aquatic animals. 



BRANCHIAL, of or belonging to the gills. 



BRANCHIAL SAC, a chamber in the tunicated mollusks; so 

 termed because the blood is there exposed to the action of 

 the air contained in the sea- water, which circulates over the 

 interior surface of the cavity. Lat. branchia, a gill. 



BRONCHIAL TUBES, the small branches of the wind-pipe. Gr. 

 brogchos (pronounced bronchos], the wind-pipe. 



BYSSUS, the silken fibres or " beard " seen in the Mussel and 

 other bivalve shells. Gr. byssos, fine flax. 



CADUCIBRAN'CHIATE, a term applied to that group of reptiles 

 in which (like the Frog) the gills are not permanent. Lat. 

 caducus, perishable, braneMce, the gills. 



CALCAREOUS, composed in a greater or less degree of lime. 



CALLOW, unfledged; a term applied to the young birds while 

 without feathers. Lat. calvus, bare or bald. 



CALORIC, heat. Lat. color. 



CANINE TEETH, the two sharp-edged teeth which are largely 

 developed in the dog and other carnivorous animals. Lat. 

 canis, a dog. 



CARAPACE, the vaulted shield or shell that protects the upper sur- 

 face of the body of the Tortoises, or clielonian reptiles. This 

 term is also applied to the upper covering of the Crustacea. 



CARBONATE OP LIME, the chemical union of carbonic acid and 

 lime, as exhibited in limestone or chalk. 



CARBONATED, combined with carbon. 



CARMINE, a colouring substance of a brilliant red. 



CARNI'VORA CARNIVOROUS, terms applied to those animals 

 which, like the Tiger, have teeth peculiarly adapted for the 

 mastication of flesh. Lat. caro, carnis, flesh, voro, I devour. 



CARTILAGINOUS, consisting of cartilage or gristle ; applied to 

 fishes that have the skeleton of cartilage, not of bone. 



CAUDAL, belonging to the tail. Lat. cauda, a tail. 



CELLULAR, composed of very minute cells. Lat. cellula, a 

 little cell. 



CEMENT, a substance employed in uniting bodies together. 

 Lat. coementum. 



CEPHALO'PODA, an order of molluscous animals which have 

 their organs of locomotion arranged round the head, as in 

 the Cuttle-fish. Gr. kephale, a head, and pous, a foot. 



CERVICAL, belonging to the neck. Lat. cervix, the neck. 



CETACEA, one of the orders of the mammalia; it includes the 

 Whales, Dolphins, and allied animals. Gr. Tcctos, a whale. 



CHEIROPTERA, the name of the order of mammalia comprising 

 the various species of Bats. The term is suggested by the 

 peculiar structure of the wings, which consist of a membrane 

 extended over bones corresponding to those of the fingers. 

 Gr. cheir, a hand, pteron, a wing. 



