GLOSSARY. 471 



PAPILLAE, small projections or protuberances which resemble in 



form the nipple or the teats of animals. Lat. papilla, a 



nipple. 

 PARASITA, animals that are parasitic, or draw their support 



from the bodies of other animals to which they attach them- 

 selves. Lat. parasitus, a parasite or hanger-on. 

 PECTINATED, shaped like a comb. Lat. pecten, a comb. 

 PECTINIBRANCHIATA, an order of mollusks in which (as in the 



J3wcinum and the Murex) the gills are shaped like the 



teeth of a comb. Lat. pecten, a comb, branchiae, gills. 

 PECTORAL, belonging to the chest. Lat. pectus, pectoris, the 



chest. 

 PEDI'MANA, "foot-handed" a term applied to some of the 



monkey tribes that have opposable thumbs on the feet, but 



not on the anterior extremities, or, as they arc usually 



termed, " the hands." 

 PEDUNCLE, in Botany, the stalk that supports the flower; in 



Zoology, it is employed as is also the word Pedicle to 



denote a small stalk or stem ; thus many of the Crustacea 



have eyes mounted on foot-stalks or peduncles. Lat. pes, 



a foot. 



PEDUNCULATED, having a stem or foot- stalk. 

 PERENNIBRANCHIATE, that group of amphibious reptiles in 



which the gills are permanent. Lat. perennis, permanent 



or lasting, and branchice, gills. 

 PETALS, the leaves composing the corolla or blossom of a flower. 



Gr. petalon, a leaf. 

 PETRIFIED, converted into stone. Lat. petra, a stone, and fieri, 



to become. 



PHARYNX, the upper portion of the windpipe. 

 PHENOMENON, literallv that which may be seen; generally used 



to imply some striking or remarkable appearance. Gr. 



phaino mai, I appear. 

 PHOSPHORESCENCE, the light caused by phosphorus; very 



conspicuous and brilliant in some of the soft-bodied marine 



animals. 

 PHYLLOPHAGOUS, "leaf-eating" a term applied to the Sloths 



and other animals of the same order. Gr. pliyllon, a leaf, 



and phago, to eat. 

 PHYSIOLOGIST, one conversant with the laws of animal economy, 



or that knowledge which is denoted by the word " Physiology." 



Gr. physis, nature, and logos, a discourse. 

 PIGMENTAL CELLS, those which contain the colouring materials 



or pigments which give to the skin its peculiar tints. 

 PINNAE, wings or pinions. The term is applied to the wing-like 



expansions of certain Zoophytes. "Pinnated," in Botany, 



means leaves that grow in pairs or like wings, from the 



leaf-stalk, as in the Ash or the Rose; and in Zoology, it is 



used to denote a wing-like appearance. 

 PISCES, fishes one of the classes of vertebrate animals. 

 PLACENTA, a network of blood-vessels by which the young of 



most mammalia are nourished prior to birth. 



