CONFORMATION 



163 



high wither (Fig. 13, Plate III., Fig. 2) must mean a good 

 shoulder. 



The upper portion of the fore-leg, the radius, commonly 

 called the arm, which joins the lower bone of the shoulder, 

 is composed of two bones, a long one in front termed' the 

 radius, which reaches to the knee, and a short one behind 

 called the ulna. In old horses these two bones become 

 firmly united into one. The ulna has a long projection 

 above and behind the upper joint, and forms the point of 



PLATE V. 

 The Bones of the Knee. 



a Radius. 



6 Trapezium, or pisi- 

 form e. 

 c Cuneiforme. 

 d Lunare. 

 e Scaphoides. 

 / Trapezoides. 

 g Magnum. 

 h Unciforme. 

 k Camion-bone. 

 j, I Splint-bones. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 1. 



the elbow, to which some powerful muscles are attached 

 for extending the forearm. The ulna rapidly diminishes 

 size, and terminates in a point before reaching the 

 knee, behind the middle of the radius. 



The knee, the carpus, is composed of six small bones, 

 and is therefore a very complicated joint, and exposed to 

 many shocks and jars, but it is arranged so that these 

 shall be distributed over a number of bones, each pro- 

 tected by a covering of cartilage, resting on a kind of 

 semi-fluid cushion, and all united together by ligaments. 



