274 THE HORSE 



and bleak appearance which an open field often presents ; 

 they give also an object to the horse to go round them out 

 of a spirit of curiosity, to find out if anything of interest is 

 happening on the other side. 



Pastures should always be provided with a lump of rock 

 salt, which is much appreciated, and is most conducive to 

 the health of the animals grazing. 



Memoranda. 



Some useful memoranda are as follows, but the calcula- 

 tions are only approximate and intended as a rough guide : — 



One ton of hay lasts a horse six months. 



One sack of oats lasts a horse 14 days at 12 lbs. per diem. 



One truss of hay lasts a horse 5 days. 



Two trusses of straw last a horse 5 days. 



One sack of oats weighs 12 stone. 



One quarter of oats = 2 sacks = 24 stone = 3 cwt. = 386 lbs. 



One ton = 20 cwt. = 160 stone = 2,240 lbs. 



One truss of old meadow hay ^ 56 lbs. 



One truss of straw =: 28 lbs. 



One quarter of oats = 24 stone. 



,, ,, barley = 32 stone. 



,, ,, maize = 34 ,, 



,, ,, wheat = 36 ,, 



One ton of oats = 6 qrs. 2 cwt. = 13^ sacks. 



New oats are ready for use when they have become crisp 

 enough to be bitten in two sharply and cleanly — usually 

 about the beginning of the New Year. It is advisable to 

 mix them at first with old oats and thus make the change 

 to them gradual. 



To Find the Qiianthtij in a Stack of Hay. 



By multiplying the height, breadth, and length together 

 the number of cubic yards arc found contained in the stack. 



From 11 to 14 cubic yards of hay = a ton, accordmg as 

 the hay is light or heavy. The average is about 12 cubic 

 yards. 



