202 AMERICAN OPEAS. 



Bulimus assurgens PFR., Malak. Bl. ii, 1856, p. 156 ; Monogr. 

 iv, 459; Novit. Conch, p. 431, pi. 96, f. 39-41. Cf. SMITH, 

 P. Z. S. 1892, p. 269. 



Bulimus pumilus PFR., Ar<chiv f. Naturg. 1840, p. 252; 

 Mai. Bl. v, p. 184. 



B. pauperculus C. B. AD. in part, Contriib. to Conch., p. 27. 

 0. goodalli is very minutely perforate, straightly conic, with a 

 very obtuse apex. The surface is not very glossy and is densely, 

 sharply sculptured with irregular and rather strong striae very 

 deeply curved, or arcuate. The outer lip is thin, and so 

 much retracted above as to appear incised at the suture, as in 

 some Pleurotomidaa. The aperture is well rounded below, 

 and the columellar lip is reflexed as usual in Opeas. 



The general shape, the sculpture, and the retraction of the 

 outer lip at the suture, make this species easy to recognize. 



Length 6, diam. 2, aperture 2 mm., whorls 6%. Para. 



Length 6.3, diam. 2, aperture 2 mm., whorls 6%. Havana. 



This wide-spread little species was originally described from 

 a colony found 'around " pines " in Bristol, England. Since 

 "Bromelia" bract eata, imported from Jamaica in 1785, was 

 the only species of pineapple at that time cultivated in Eng- 

 land, it is likely that the original stock of goodalli came in 

 dirt around the roots, and from Jamaica ; though (the ultimate 

 habitat of the pineapple was probably Brazil, a country 

 equally inhabited by the Opeas. The snail is said to have 

 been first observed about 1816. It is now found in many 

 hothouses in England, around London, Manchester, etc. It 

 has also been imported into various tropical countries, and 

 will doubtless attain as wide a range as Subulina octona and 

 Opeas gracile in time. 



Mr. Miller's description is not very good, but subsequent 

 publications referring to his specimens indicate conclusively 

 their identity. It was named by Ferussac at about the same 

 time, but he did not define his H. clavulus, which remained 

 a nude name until 1831, when Turton excellently figured it 

 from Bristol examples. The two names goodalli and clavulus 

 are therefore absolutely synonymous. Whether the clavulus 

 of Moricand and Orbigny is the same is not certainly known ; 



