SUBULINA. 221 



very unsatisfactory 'characters. Probably the clear Abyssinian 

 forms belong to Subulina rather than to Eomorus. One 

 species temporarily referred to this genus, S. vivipara (p. 80) 

 brings forth living young, but the typical Subulinas of 

 America and West Africa are oviparous. A sub-genus 

 Nothapalus has been erected by Von Martens for the African 

 8. paucispira, p. 95. It is likely that 8. bicolumellaris (p. 

 90) will be removed from Subulina, at least as a subgenus. 

 Among American forms the most remarkable is 8. stolli, which 

 has large protuberances on the embryonic whorls. 



Beck originally proposed the name Subulina for the follow- 

 ing species: (1) S. cyanostoma Riipp., (2) turritellata Dh., 

 (3) striatella Rang., (4) malaguetana Rang., (5) monoceros 

 Bck., (6) propinqua Beck, (7) terebraster Lam., (8) octona 

 Ch., (9) crotalariae Sehum., (10) carinulata Beck, (11) pu- 

 preformis Beck, (12) S. ? sericata Beck. 



The first species of the list was made type of Homorus by 

 Albers, 1850; Species 6, 10, 11, 12 are nude names; 7 is an 

 Obeliscus-, 2 and 4 are species of uncertain generic relation- 

 ships; leaving species 3, 5, 8, 9 to represent the group of 

 S. octona. Gray in 1847 and Herrmannen, 1849, agreed in 

 selecting as type of Subulina the commonest and best known 

 species, S. octona a course approved by practically all later 

 writers who have recognized the group. 



Key to American Species. 



I. Embryonic whorls smooth except for subsutural crenu- 

 lation. 



a. Surface smoothish, only irregularly wrinkled or 

 striatulate. 



b. Whorls quite convex; columella very con- 

 cave above; 15-24 mm. long, with 8-10 

 whorls. S. octona, no. 1. 



bb. Similar, 11 x 3.5 mm. with 7 whorls; 

 Peru. 8. yatesi, no. 2. 



bbb. Columella slightly twisted, obliquely trun- 

 cate below; 11.5 x 3.3 mm., whorls 7. 



S. confusa, no. 3. 



