APPENDIX. 323 



Kaugwudju.* — This imposing mass of tlie trap-roclcs is tlie 

 highest on. the southern shores of Lake Superior. The following 

 outlines of it are taken from a point on the approach to the On- 

 tonagon River, about forty miles distant. 



They rise to their apex about thirty miles west of that stream, 

 in north lat. 46° 52' 2", as observed by Captain Douglass. They 

 are distant three hundred and fifty miles from St. Mary's. In ii 

 serene day they present a lofty outline, and were seen by us from 

 the east, at the distance of about eighty miles. The Indians re- 

 present them to have a deep tarn, with very imposing perpen- 

 dicular wails, at one of the highest points. If Lake Superior be. 

 estimated at six hundred and forty feet above the Atlantic, as my 

 notes indicate, its peaks are higher than any estimates we have of 

 the source of the Mississippi, and are, at least, the highest 

 elevations on this part of the continent. The granitical tract 

 of the St. Francis, ^ Missouri, f and of the quartz high lands of 

 Wachita, Arkansas, the only two known primitive elevations be- 

 tween the Rocky and Alleghany chains, are far less elevated. 



I have now taken a rapid glance at the formations along the 

 southern shore of the lake between St. Mary's and Fond du Lac ; 

 but have passed by some features which may be thought to merit 

 attention. 



Existing Lake Drift, — The gleaner among the rock debris 

 of this lake has a field of labor which is not dissimilar to that of 

 the fossilist. If he has not, so to say, to put joint to joint, to 

 establish his conclusions, he has a mineralogical adjustment to 

 make every way as obscure. A boulder of sienite, or a mass of 

 sandstone, or grauwacke, may be easily referred to a contiguous 

 rock. But when the observer meets with species which are ap- 

 parently foreign to the region, he is placed in a dilemma between 

 the toil of an impossible scrutiny and the danger of an unli- 

 censed conjecture. 



Among the more common masses which may be assigned a 

 locality within the compass of the lake, are granites, sienites, 

 hornblendes, greenstones, schists, traps, grauwackes, sandstones, 

 porphyries, quartz rocks, serpentines, breccias, amygdaloids, am- 



* Porcupine Mountains. From knug, a porcupine, nnd wudju, mountain. 

 J Vide ray view of the lead mines, iii the Appendix to " Scenes and Adventures 

 in the Oziu-k Mountains." 



