APPENDIX. 343 



accompauied by veins of sulphate of barytes, calc spar, and other 

 crystallized bodies, should be found in alluvial beds ; and it would 

 be very interesting to ascertain whether any analogous formations 

 exist in Europe, or in any other part of the earth's surface. It 

 is one of the most striking features of this deposit, that the ore, 

 spars, &c., do not appear as the debris of older formations, and 

 have no marks of having been worn or abraded, like those ex- 

 traneous masses of rock which are very common in the alluvial 

 soil of our continent. The lead ore and accompanying minerals 

 appear to have been crystallized in the situations where they are 

 now found. We should, perhaps, except from this remark the 

 species of lead called gravel ore by the miners, which is in rounded 

 lumps, and is never accompanied by spars. 



Sulphuret of lead is also found near the spot where the small 

 Eiver Sissinaway enters the Mississippi, and two leagues south of 

 it, upon the banks of the River Aux Fevre, at both of which 

 places considerable quantities have been raised, and continue to 

 be raised, for the purposes of smelting, by the Fox and Sac tribes 

 of Indians. At these places, it is most frequently connected with 

 a gangue of heavy spar and calcareous spar, with pyrites of iron. 

 I procured from a trader, at Dubuque, several masses of galena 

 crystallized in cubes and octahedrons. 



In descending the Upper Mississippi, a specimen of galena was 

 exhibited to me, by a Sioux Indian, at the village of the Red 

 Wing, six miles above Lake Pepin, said to have been procured 

 in that vicinity. Galena is also rqoorted to have been discovered 

 in several places on the south side of the Wisconsin River, and 

 these localities may be entitled to future notice, as furnishing im- 

 portant hints. 



3. Zinc. 



The sulphuret of zinc (l)lack blende) is found disseminated in 

 limestone rock along the banks of Fox River, between the post 

 of Green Bay and Winnebago Lake. Although frequently seen 

 in small masses, no body of it is known to exist. I also found 

 blende, in small, orbicular masses of calcareous marl, along the 

 east shore of Lake Michigan, between the Rivers St. Joseph and 

 Kikalemazo. 



