APPENDIX. 375 



titute of snows. Many tribes who now speak idioms of their 

 language were left upon the way, and have since taken distinctive 

 names. Among these, are the Pottawatamies, the Ottoways, &c. 

 The latter formerly were, as they still remain, the agriculturists. 

 The Miamis and Shawnees, whose languages bear some affinity, 

 preceded them in their flight. The Winnebagoes, speaking a 

 separate and original tongue, came later, and preserve more 

 distinct traditions of their migration. All these tribes carried 

 with them the strong prejudices and fixed hatred excited by the 

 cruelty, rapacity, and cupidity of their European conquerors ; and, 

 above all, of that insatiable thirst for gold and silver which led the 

 Spaniards to sack their towns, burn their temples, and torture 

 their people. Cruelty and injustice of so glaring a character must 

 have made upon their minds too deep an impression ever to be 

 forgotten, or completely erased from their traditions. To that 

 memorable epoch we must, therefore, look for the origin of that 

 cautious and distrustful disposition which these tribes have since 

 manifested with regard to the mines and minerals situated upon 

 their lands; and the circumstance seems to offer an abundant 

 excuse, if not a justification, for those prevarications and evasions 

 which present a continual series of embarrassment to every person 

 who seeks through their aid to develop the mineral resources, or 

 describe the natural productions, of their territories. Hence, too, 

 the cause why they are prone to imagine that all mineral or 

 metallic substances obtained or sought upon their lands, are sus- 

 ceptible of being converted or transmuted'into the precious metals. 



(C.) 



The following additional localities of native copper, derived 

 from sources entitled to respect, and accompanied, in some in- 

 stances, by specimens of the metal, may here be given : — 



1. Grand Menou, or Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Captain , 



of the schooner , in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Com- 

 pany, on Lake Superior, describes this island as affording frequent 

 masses of copper. While becalmed off its shores in the spring of 

 1822, and, afterwards, in coasting along the island for a distance 

 of one hundred miles, his men frequently went ashore, and never 

 failed to bring back with them lumps of metallic copper, which 

 they found promiscuously scattered among the fragments of rock. 



