380 APPENDIX. 



name of Cliipewa. This name lias been retained in all subse- 

 quent treaties with them, not, however, without some discrepance 

 in the orthography. These variations are chiefly marked by the 

 introduction of the letter p at the beginning of the second sylla- 

 ble, or the vowel y annexed to the third ; producing Chip-j^e-wa, 

 Chip-^je-wa?/, and Chip-e-way. The French missionaries and 

 traders, whose policy it was to discard the names of the aboriginal 

 tribes from their conversations, bestowed upon this tribe, at a 

 very early period, the nora de guerre of Saulteurs, or Sauteurs, from 

 the Sault or Falls of St. Mary's, which was the ancient seat of 

 this tribe — a name which is still retained by the Canadians, and 

 by many of the American traders. Among the early French 

 writers, they were also sometimes denominated Ouichqjouas. 

 There is as little uniformity among travellers and geographers. 

 Pinkerton, Darby, Morse, Carver, Mackenzie, and Herriot, either 

 employ the word according to the orthography of Wayne's treaty, 

 or with the modifications above noticed. The name of Chippe- 

 wyans, employed by Mackenzie, relates to a tribe residing north 

 and west of the sources of the Mississippi, who speak a language 

 having no af&nity, and are a distinct people. Henry, who was 

 well versed in the Chippewa language, also conforms to the 

 popular usage, but observes that the true name, as pronounced 

 by themselves, is Ojibwa. 



Having taken pains to ascertain and fix the pronunciation of 

 this word, I have not hesitated to introduce it into my corre- 

 spondence and official accounts; but I am aware of my great 

 temerity in so doing. Popular prejudices, and several of the 

 authorities above cited, stand opposed to the proposed innovation. 

 The continued use of the word " Chippewa" is also sanctioned by 

 a name entitled to conclusive respect. "I write the word in this 

 way," observes the Executive of Michigan, "because I am appre- 

 hensive the orthography is inveterately fixed, and not because I 

 suppose it is correct." Still, there are reasons for changing it. 

 Justice to this unfortunate race requires it. Since the popular 



recent period. By the French and British govei-nments thej- ivere known soon after 

 the first settlements at Quebec and Albany (a. d. 1608, 1614), and subsequently 

 treated with. A band of warriors from Chegoimegon, on Lake Superior, under the 

 command of Waub Ojeag, or the AVhite Fisher, was present at the taking of Fort 

 Niagara by Sir W. Johnston in 1759. 



