S86 APPENDIX. 



Beds of Quartzose Sand. — In certain parts of tlie Seneca 

 Yalley are found limited deposits of a white quartzose sand, in a 

 state of comparative purity. This substance is capable of being 

 readily vitrified by the addition of alkaline fluxes, and is thus 

 converted into glass. Its existence, as a local deposit, beneath 

 separate strata of alluvial soil, supporting a growth of trees and 

 shrubs, is such as to render it probable that the present stream, 

 in its exhausted state, could have had no agency in producing 

 these deposits. If we are compelled to look to a former condition 

 of the waters passing off through this valley, as affording the re- 

 quisite pov/er of deposit, we are then carried back to an era in 

 the geology of the country v/hich we must refer to, to account 

 for by far the greater number of changes in all its recent soils. 

 Indeed, wherever we examine these soils, out of the range com- 

 prehended between high and low-water mark, on any existing 

 lake or stream, there will be found occasion to resort to the agency 

 of more general and anterior submersions. A few localities may 

 be appealed to. 



Fossil AVood. — In digging a well in the Genesee Valley, one 

 mile east of the river (at Hosmer's), part of the trunk of a tree, of 

 mature growth, was found at the depth of forty-one feet below 

 the surface. The soil was a loose sand mixed with gravel. The 

 position is more elevated than the flats, so called. 



Antlers. — A large pair of elk's horns were discovered in an 

 excavation made for the foundation of a mill at Clyde, in Seneca 

 County, They were imbedded in alluvial soil, ten feet below the 

 surface. This surface had been cleared of elm and other forest 

 trees of mature growth. Near the same place, logs of wood were 

 found at the depth of fourteen feet. These discoveries were made 

 in the valley of Clyde River, which is formed by the junction of 

 the Canandaigua Outlet Avith Mud Creek. 

 \ - Frogs inclosed in the Geological Column. — At Carthage, 

 on the Genesee, twelve or fifteen frogs were found in excavating 

 a layer of compact clay marl, about nine feet below the surface. 

 The position is several hundred feet above the bed of the Genesee 

 River, to which elevation no one, after viewing the spot, will 

 deem it probable its waters could have reached, this side of the 

 diluvian era. 



A frog was dug out of the solid rock, at Lockport, Niagara 



