514 APPENDIX. 



ANIMATE. INANIMATE. 



Mau-bum (impersonal), -i . Maun-dun (inanimate proper). 



Woh-ow (personal), / " Oh-oo (inanimate conTentional). 



Ah-ow, • That. Eh-eu. 



Mau-mig, These. Mau-min. 



Ig-eu (personal), ■) In-eu (inanimate proper). 

 Those. 



,,} 



I-goo (impersonal), / ' 0-noo (inanimate conventional). 



These words are not always used merely to ascertain the ob- 

 ject, but often, perhaps always, when the object is present to the 

 sight, have a substantive meaning, and are used without the 

 noun. It creates no uncertainty, if a man be standing at some 

 distance to say, Ah-oiv; or if a canoe be lying at some distance, 

 to say, Eh-eit; the meaning is clearly, that person, or that canoe, 

 whether the noun be added or not. Or, if there be two animate 

 objects standing together, or two inanimate objects lying together, 

 the words maumig (a.), or maumin (i.), if they be near, or ig-eu, 

 (a.), or in-eu (i.), if they be distant, are equally expressive of the 

 materiality of the objects, as well as their relative position. Under 

 other circumstances the noun would be required, as where two 

 animate objects of diverse character — a man and a horse for in- 

 stance — were standing near each other ; or a canoe and a package 

 of goods were lying near each other — and, in fact, under all circum- 

 stances — the noun may be used after the demonstrative pronoun, 

 without violating any rule of grammar, although not without the 

 imputation, in many instances, of being over-formal and unneces- 

 sarily minute. What is deemed redundant, however, in oral use, 

 and amongst a people who supply much by sight and gesticu- 

 lation, becomes quite necessary in writing the language ; and, in 

 the following sentences, the substantive is properly employed 

 after the pronoun : — 



This dog is very lean, Gitshee bukaukuddoozo woh-ow annemoosh. 



These dogs are very lean, Gitshee bukaukuddoozowug o-goo annemooshug. 



Those dogs are fat, Ig-eu annemooshug ■ween-in-oowug. 



That dog is fat, Ah-ow annemoosh ween-in-oo. 



This is a handsome knife, Gagait onishishin maundun mokomahn. 



These are handsome knives, Gagait ■wahwinaudj o-noo mokomahnun. 



Those are bad knives, Monaududiin iu-euwaidde mokomahnun. 



Give me that spear, Meezhishin eh-eu ahnitt. 



Give me those spears, Meezhishin in-eu unnewaidde ahnitteen. 



That is a fine boy, Gagait kwonaudj ah-ow kweewezains. 



Those are fine boys, Gagait wahwinaudj ig-euwaidde kweewezaiusug. 



