APPENDIX. 557 



any length of time, if it is now so supplied^ without cutting them on 

 Chippewa lands, and rafting them down the Eed Cedar, ]\[any 

 of the logs heretofore sawed at this mill, have been rafted up 

 stream^ to the mill. And I understood from the person in charge 

 of it, that he Avas now anxious to ascertain new sites for choppino-; 

 that his expectations were directed up the stream, but that his 

 actual knowledge of the country, in that direction, did not em- 

 brace a circumference of more than five miles. 



The line between the Chippewa and Sioux, as drawn on the 

 MS. map of jSTeenaba, strikes the rapids on Red Cedar Eiver at 

 a brook and bluff a short distance below the mill. It proceeds 

 thence, across the point of land between that branch of the main 

 Chippewa, to an island in the latter; and thence, up stream, to 

 the mouth of Clearwater River, as called for by the treaty, and 

 from this point to the bluffs of the Mississippi Valley (where it 

 corners on AVinnebago land), on Black River, and not to the 

 " moufh " of Black River, as erroneously inserted in the 5th arti- 

 cle of the treaty ; the Chippewas never having advanced any 

 claims to the lands at the mouth of Black River. This map, be- 

 ing drawn by a Chippewa of sense, influence, and respectability, 

 an exact copy of it is herewith forwarded for the use of the 

 Department, as embracing the opinions of the Chippewas on this 

 point. The lines and geographical marks were drawn on paper 

 by JSTeenaba himself, and the names translated and written down 

 by Mr. Johnston. 



It is obvious that the adjustment of this line must precede a 

 permanent peace on this part of the frontiers. The number of 

 Chippewas particularly interested in it is, from my notes, 2,102 • 

 to which, 911 may be added for certain bands on Lake Superior, 

 It embraces 27 villages, and the most influential civil and war 

 chiefs of the region. The population is enterprising and warlike. 

 They have the means of subsistence in comparative abundance. 

 They are increasing in numbers. They command a ready access 

 to the ^[ississippi by water, and a ready return from it by land. 

 Habits of association have taught them to look upon this stream 

 as the theatre of war. Their young men are carried into it as 

 the natural and almost only means of distinction. And it is in 

 coincidence with all observation to say that they are now, as they 

 were in the days of Captain Carver, the terror of the east bank 



