Hepalica. RANUNCULACE^E. 13 



A.* quinquefolia, L.i A span to a foot higli : radical leaf and tho Miroe ..f the involucre 

 3-fuliol:vte ur hy tlic divisJDii uf the lateral leaflets often 5-f<iliolate ; divisions or leaflets 

 from ohovate-euiieate or rhombic-ovate to laneeolate-uhlonf;, mostly acute or acuminate 

 serrate or somewhat incised ; the lateral ones commonly 2 parted or completely divided and 

 middle one 3-cleft : sepals from white, or with jiurjilisli tinge outside, to pale violet or hlne : 

 akenes puberulent, tapering into the short recurving style. — Spec. i. 541 ; Hart. Fl. \. A. 

 ii. 10, t. 39 ; Brittou, 1. c. 225. ,1. nemorosa of Amer. authors, hut differing from the European 

 species in its generally smaller flowers, less inci.sed leaves and more slender stem and 

 petioles. A. pedata, Kaf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 3GI, & in Desv Journ. Bot. i. 230 (1808); 

 DC. Syst. i. 214. A. minima, DC. 1. c. 206. A. O'ru./i, iiehr, Hull. Calif. Acad. Sci. i. .5. 

 A. nemorosa, var. Grai/i, Greene, Fl. Franci.s. 295, a broad-leaved Pacific form with white or 

 pale blue flowers. — Open woods. New Brunswick to coast of Brit. Columbia; in the 

 Atlantic States to the mountains of Georgia; H. early spring. 



Var.* Oregana, IJoHixscm, n. var. Leaflets oliovate to oval-oblong and ohtusish, 

 undivided, unequally or sparingly serrate or slightly incised : flowers rather short-ped uncled :' 

 sepals bright blue, oval or oblong, larger than in tlie typical form half to tliree fourtlis inch 

 long: filaments also blue and longer tiian in the type. — A. Vie(/aii(i, Grav, I'roc. Am. Acad, 

 xxii. 308. ^1. ci/anca, Freyu, Deutsch. Bot. Monatsschr. viii. 176. A. Grayi, Britton, 1. c. 226, 

 in part, not Behr. — Open woods, on both sides of the Columbia liiver, Klikitat Co., Wa.sh- 

 ington, Suksdorf; about the Hood River, Mrs. Barren ; on Mt. Adams, Henderson. A 

 striking and heautiful variety or perhaps species, apparently iutergi-ading, however, both 

 with typical form and the following. 



Var.* Lyallii, Robinson, u. var. Dwarfish : leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, more 

 obtusely toothed than in the type: flowers usually very small, white or pale blue, a third to 

 half inch iu diameter. — A. Li/a/lii, Brittou, 1. c. 227. — From Portland, Oregon, Ilendf-rson, 

 and the Willamette Valley, Cusick, to Vancouver Isl , ]\[aroun, and Salmon River, Brit. 

 Columbia, Dawson. Very .similar forms are common iu the Redwoods of Calif(u-nia, Bulander. 



A.* trifolia, L. Usually larger than the precetliug species: involucral leaves with rare 

 exceptions regularly 3-foHolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate rather regularly .-^errate, large, in 

 well developed specimens 2 to 3 inches in length, and more than an inch in l)readth; radical 

 leaves subsimilar to the involiu-ral but sometimes 5-f()]iolate : peduncle long and slender, 

 usually more than 2 inches in length: flowers large, 15 to 16 lines in diameter: sepals 

 white or pinkish: carpels in a glotmlar head, much as in the preceding species — Spec. i. 

 540; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iv. t. 48 ; Britton, 1. c. 226 ; Vail, Mem. Torr. Club, ii. 33, t. 4 

 Millspaugh, Fl. W. Va. 319; Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi. 22. ,1. land folia, Pur.sh, Fl. 

 ii. 386. .1. nemorosa, var., Gray, Am. Nat. vii. 422. — Mountains of S. Pennsylvania and 

 Virginia, Curtiss, Small, Heller, to Georgia, Chapman. (Eu.) Tiie American plant docs 

 not differ by any constant or satisfactory character from the European, which is regarded 

 as a good species. It ai>pears, however, in some iustances to intergrade or perhaps hy- 

 bridize with ^4. quinquefolia. 



3. HEPATICA, Dill. Liverleaf. (Latinized from ^TrariKo'?, affectinjr or 

 belonging to the liver, suggcstefl l)}'^ the shape of the leaf.) — Acaulesoeiit low 

 perennials (of the northern hemisphere); with elongated and villous or at length 

 glabrate petioles and peduncles from a short crown or caudex, 8-lobed but other- 

 wise entire leaves, and solitar}' blue or purple or sometimes white flowers, pro- 

 duced in earliest spring, followed later by the foliage of the season, which lasts 

 over winter. Sepals fi to 9, rarely more. Akenes pubescent, tipped with very 

 short style. — Cat. Plant. Giss. App. 108; DC. Syst. i. 21i5. Anemone § Hepatica, 

 Koch, and authors ; but may be fairly well kept as a genus. 



H. triloba, Chaix. Leaves with 3 rounded or ovate and obtuse lobes; those of invnlucn; 

 also obtuse. — Chaix in Vill. Dauph. i. 336; Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. 45, t. 87 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 



1 Dr. Gray regarded this and the following species as form.s of the European A. iicmtvosn. wliile 

 tne var. Oregana he considered as distinct. In the light of recent jmblicalions atid aiMilional 

 material it seems best to modify this treatment to the one of the text. 



