IIANUXCULACE.E. 



or reduced scarious scales. Carpels usually 5, sessile, witli ininienms ovules iu two rows .- 



styles filiform, above introrsestigmatuse. Seed-coat crustaceoiis, usually smootii and 



sliiuiiig. 



-t- -K- H- Sepals (5) and petals (2 or 4) im-gular; upper one of the former spurred or 



helmet-shaped : stamens numerous: stigma introrse : follicles 1 to 5, several-mauv-seeded, 



sessile, styliferous. 



15. DELPHINIUM. Tpper seiial e.xtended posteriorly from the base into a spur. Petals 

 4 in two pairs, or the lateral pair wanting; these with a small spreading lamina on a claw of 

 about equal length; upper jjroduced backward into nectariferous spurs witliiu the calv.v- 

 spur, iu the annual species the two united into one body. Follicles 1 to 5. 



16. ACONITUM. Upper sepal ample, helmet-shaped or prolonged-saccate; the others 

 plane, lateral larger than the lower pair. Petals only 2 (the lateral and lower either wanting 

 or minute rudiments), reduced to very long-unguiculate hood-shaped or hammer-shaped 

 nectaries covered by the up])er sepal. Follicles 3 to 5, rarely more. 



-1— -1— -1— -t- Sepals 3 to 5, regular, caducous ; petals much smaller, plane, unguiculate, or 

 reduced to staminodes, le.ss showy than the white numerous stamens, or none : stigma 

 terminal or nearly so : flowers racemose : leaves decompound. (Cimicifugea:.) 



1 7. CIMICIFUGA. Carpels few or solitary, in fruit thin-walled follicles. Petals or .stami- 

 nodes when present notched or 2-cleft at top. Flowers iu elongated often paniculately 

 disposed racemes. 



1 8. ACT^ A. Carpel solitary, sessile, crowned with a broad and obscurely 2-lobed depressed 

 stigma, in fruit a berry filled with depressed horizontal seeds. Petals plane, entire. Flow- 

 ers in a short raceme. 



* * Ovules a single pair : flowers regular : roots and rootstocks yellow, bitter, charged 

 with berberine. (Xanthorrhizexe.) 



19. HYDRASTIS. Sepals 3, petaloid, very caducous. Petals none. Stamens verv 

 numerous, white, like those of Ackea. Carpels 15 to 20, sessile and capitate: style siiort: 

 stigma terminal, 2-lipped. Ovules ascending, at first collateral, borne on the middle of the 

 placenta. Fruit baccate, tlie pulpy red 1-2 seeded carpels compacted in a globular head on 

 an oblong receptacle, llerl), with few palmately lobed leaves and single flower. 



20. XANTHORRHIZA. Sepals 5, petaloid, tardily deciduous. Petals 5, small and gland- 

 like, consisting of a rounded and 2-lobed fleshy lamina on a short claw. Stamens 5, alternate 

 with the petals and not surpassing them, or sometimes more. Carpels 5 to 10, sessile, 

 2-ovuled about the middle, tapering into a subulate style with intror.se stigma, in fruit oue- 

 .seeded oblong follicles of gibbous growth, the persistent style becoming dorsal and the .•*eed 

 pendulous from the apparent apex. Low shrub, with pinnate leaves and racemose-panicu- 

 late flowers. 



Tribe IV (and indeed suborder). P^ONFEiE. A perigynous fleshj^ disk adnate 

 to the base of the strongly imbricated persistent calyx or concave receptacle, 

 bearing the large plane petals and numerous stamens. Carpels few, becoming 

 coriaceous many-seeded follicles. Style short or none. Sepals and petals regular, 

 mostly 5, or the latter of ten more numerous. Embryo comparatively large in firm 

 fleshy albumen. Perennial herbs or low shrubs, with alternate leaves, and no 

 acridity. 



21. P.S10NIA. Stigma introrse, crest-like and rcvolute, bilamellar. Stamens very nu- 

 merous : anthers entire at base. Seeds anatropous, oval or olilong, naked at biise or the 

 very short fleshy funiculus cupulate, the coat dispo.>«ed to be externally fleshy. Embryo 

 straight or .slightly arcmite. Herljs with tulierous roots or shrubby, with ternately compound 

 or divided leaves. 



22. CROSSOSOMA. Stigma terminal, depre.^.<<eil-capitate, emarginate. Stamens 12 to 

 30: anthers deeply emarginate at base. Follicles 1 to 6 (to 9), when solitary stipitat«', 

 otherwise more or less elevated on a common stipe. Ovules amphitrojjous. Seeils campylo- 

 tropous and reniform, crustaceous, furnishe<l with a fimbriate-multifid fleshy arillus of their 

 own length. Embryo semiannnlar. little shorter than the firm tleshy albumen : cotyledons 



