Caltha. RANUNCULACE.E. 39 



Recently pulilislied species of uncertain affinities. 



R.* AustinaB, Greene. " Perennial l>y a fitscide of coarse and lonfj flesliy-fihrouH r<M>li*: 

 stem and leaves glabrous, weak and ratlier succulent, the former G to 10 indies lii;.;h ; radical 

 leaves few, of nmnd-obovate outline, abruptly tapering to tlie very long and sK-nder )M-liolo 

 or nearly truncate at base, and witii mostly al»uut five rather slialluw terminal IoIm-jj, 

 some with three largo and rather deeper lobes; cauline leaves cuneate-olM)vato, S-IoIkmI, 

 sessile : flowers .solitary, on very long anil slender ijeduucles, these few and terminal or «ui>- 

 t»riP'!r..ii : petals white : stamens yellow, rather few : carpels pnlxnilcnt, roiiniicd, neither 

 comjjres.sed nor margined, tipped witii a long and .slender straight or m-arly stniight U-ak, 

 and arranged in an ovoid or more elongated head." — Erythea, iii. 44. — Crevices »if lava 

 rock ea.stof Willow Creek Valley, 2s. Calif., Mrs. Austin. Description (pioled from original 

 characterization. 



R.* alceus, Greene. " Less than a foot high, ratlier .slender, freely branching, wift-liirsutc 

 and villous but not canescent: leaves only abtmt 1 inch long, on slender petinles, of o\ato 

 general outline and in 3 divisions, the middle one stalked, all cuneiform and doul)ly cleft: 

 flowers very small, the round-obovate petals 5 only, barely a line long : akenes rather 

 numerous, obliquely obovoid, smooth, or with a faint venation, tipped with a stout recurved 

 beak, and forming a globose head." — Erythea, iii. 69. — Elk Mountain, Mendocino C«j., 

 Calif., Jepson. Description quoted from the original characterization. 



10. CAIjTHA, L. Marsh Marigold. (Ancient Latin name of a 

 strong-scented plant, probably the true Marigold, Calendula. The common 

 derivation, originated by Linnaeus, is a mere conjecture.) — Perennial herbs, of 

 temperate and frigid regions, glabrous ; with a fascicle of strong fibrous roots, 

 simple leaves more or less rounded and cordate at base, and pedunculate showy 

 flowers, either solitary or several and cymosely clustered. — Gen. no. 4G3 ; Benth. 

 & Hook. Gen. i. 6.^ 



* Leafy-stemmed: follicles sessile : flowering in early s]iring. 

 C. paltistris, L. (Marsh Marigold, vulgarly called Coivslips.) Stem erect, commonly 

 robust, few-leaved, usually several-flowered : leaves from orbicular-cordate to rcniform, from 

 dentate or crenate to entire : sepals 5 or 6, rarely 7, oval, half inch or more long, golden 

 yellow: anthers elongated-oblong. — Spec. i. 558; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 32, t. 10. C. palugtris, 

 Jxcarioides, & flahellifolia, I'ursh, Fl. ii. 389, 390, the last (t. 17) a weak form in cdd 

 mountain springs, mth tiiinner open-reniform leaves and smaller flowers, approaching the 

 following var. — In wet ground, Atlantic U. S. east of the Mississii)pi, from the mountains 

 of Carolina and Tennessee northward to Newfoundland, thence west to Minnesota atid 

 Saskatchewan ; and in some forms to Alaska and the arctic coast but mainly a.s var. 

 (Eu., Asia.) 



Var. radicans, Gray, n. var. Stems becoming decumbent or procumbent and com- 

 monly rooting at tiie nodes, 1 -few-flowered : flowers either similar or smaller: leaves cciually 

 various, ofteuer dilated-reniform, sometimes nearly truncate at base. — t. radicans. Forst. 

 Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 324, t. 17. C. asarifolia, DC. Syst. i. 309. C. nrcticn, M. Br. in Parry, 

 1st Voy. Suppl. to App. 265, said to have linear anthers, but hardly so. C. /.fi/i/s/r/s, v.ir. 

 Sihirica, Kegel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxiv. pt. 2, 53, in part. — Subarctic and arctic 

 America, Melville Island to Alaska. (Scotland to Kamtsch., Japan, &c.) 

 C. natans, Pall. Stems prostrate or floating, rooting freely, with solitary or a few sc.ittered 

 flowers: leaves round-reniform, crenulate or entire: sepals oval, 2 or 3 lines long, white or 

 tinged with rose : stamens few : anthers short^val •. follicles not over 2 lines long, blunt or 

 mucrouulate, forming a close globular head. — Reise. iii. 284 (Gmel. Fl. Sibir. iv. 192, t. 82) ; 

 DC. 1. c. 311 ; R. Br. 1. c. 265; Lawson, Rev. Canad. Kanunc. 68. — Wet si.hagnous l-.gs 

 and flowing water, Brit. America, Athabasca Plains - and northwanl. (N. Asia, Kamtsch,) 



1 Recent literature: G. Beck, K. K. zool. Imt. Gesdl.srh. Vorliandl. (Vienna), xxwi. .'?»7. :•>'<% 

 E. Huth, Mono^-. in Helios, ix. 69-74, t. 1. 



2 Since collected at Tower, Minnesota, E. J. Flill, and in Vermillion liftkc, Sandberg. 



