Coptis. RANUNCULACE.E. 41 



style, thinnish, transversely veiny, S-O-seeded : seeds j^ranulate. — Bot. lU-ech. .116; Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. i. 660; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 9; Maxim. 1. r. 641. — Shaded j^round, 

 from near San Francisco to riumas Co.,i first coll. by iJouijlan. ScpaLs Hometiinejj |iurple, 

 or roscato.- 



I. Stipitatum, Gk.vy. Root of the preceding: slender stems only a span liij,'h : peduncles 

 not surpassing the leaves: leaflets or divi.sions ohlong-lincar or cuueate-lanceolate : sUnicnH 

 about 10: follicles 8 to 10, elongated-oblong, apiculate witii short style, hardly veiny, 

 abruptly short-stipitato, 3-4-seeded. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 1)4; Wats. B<.t. Calif.' ii. 427. 

 /. Clarkci, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. vii. l.'il. — N. California, Siskiyou and Mendocino 

 Co., Grcuie^ J. 11. Clarke. 



* * Klowera uniliellate-cymose: stems stonter, a foot or two high. 



I. Hallii, Okay. Leaflets or divisions an inch or two long, obovate-cuneate, acutely incised : 

 stamens very numerous, fully as long as tiie obovate sepals, as broad as tlie roundish antlicr : 

 follicles 3-5, turgid-ovate, subulate witli sliort style, spreading at maturity, a-ts'-cdcd : 

 seeils ruguluse. — Proc Am. Acad. vfii. 374; Maxim. 1. c. ij40. — Valley of the Columbia, 

 Oregon, E. Hall, Branrlcgce. 



13. COPTIS, Salisb. GoLD-TiiUEAD. (KoTTTw, to cut, from tin.' rtu foli- 

 age.) — Low and glabrous perennials (of tlie cooler parts of the northern homi- 

 sphere), acaitlescent : with creeping mostly filiform and yellow bitter rootstocks, 

 long-petioled ternately compound leaves, lasting over winter ; and naked one- 

 few-flowered scapes; the sepals white or greenish ; seed-coat smooth and .shining; 

 fl. spring. — Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 30.5; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 37, t. 13.* Chi'i/za, 

 Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352, & in Desv. Jour. Bot. ii. 170 (1809). 



§ 1. Chryza, or True Coptis. Sepals oval : petals shorter than the stamens, 

 clavate, with enlarged and thickened hollowed and nectariferous summit : leaf- 

 lots 3, Tfirely 5, siibsps«i1p .inrJ midivided: scape 1-flowercd. — Gray, I.e. 38. 



C. trifolia, Salisb. 1. c. (Goltj-turead.) A .span high: rootstocks very long and filiform, 

 deep yellow: leaflets 3, rounded obovate witli mostly cuneate base, obscurely S-lolicd and 

 consj)icuously crenate-dentate, teeth mucronate : sepals white with yellowish ba.se, 84»on 

 deciduous: follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equalled by the stipe; seeds Idjuk. 

 — Fl. Dan. t 1.519; Lodd. Bot Cab. t. 173; Bigel. Med. Bot. i. 60," t .5; Kaf. Med. Bot i. 

 t 27; Gray,l. c. 38, t 13; Lloyd Bros. Am. Drugs & Med. i. 188, t 13. Il> II, bonis trifoliuit, 

 L. Spec. i. 558. C/iri/za boivalis, Raf. Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 352.'' — Bogs ami low woods, New- 

 foundland and Labrador to mountains of Maryland, Iowa, and Minnesota, northwest through 

 Brit America to Alaska, and north to the Arctic Circle. (Greenland, En., N. Asia to 

 Kamtsch. & .Japan.) 



§ 2. CnRYSOCOPTis. _ Sepals linear or ligulate and attenuate, greenish or 

 yellowish white : petals filiform or ligulate beyond the nectariferous portion : 

 scape 2-3-flowered. — Gray, 1. c. 38. Chnjsocoptis § PterophyUnm, Nutt. 

 Jour. Acad. Phihvd. vii. 9, t. 1. 



C. OCCidentalis, Torr. & Gray. Leaves simply trifoliolate : leaflets long-petiolulate. of 

 roun<lisli outline (2 or 3 inches long at maturity), 3-lobed about to the middle; lol»es obtn.se. 

 slightly 3-lobed or incised and obtusely dentate : petals shorter than sopals, and ap]>arently 

 subulate from a subsessile ovate and concave base (but not sufficiently known) : mature car 

 pels longer than the stipe; seeds oblong. — Fl. i. 28; Hook, Lond. .lour. Bot vi. f'7. Chn/so- 

 coptis occidf'Tifah's, Nutt 1. c. 8, with poor figure of flowers, these and scape undeveloj)ed. the 

 latter at length a» long ivs petioles. — Mountain woods, Idaho, Wyt^th, Gr>irr, f.ynll, Wntton. 



1 Fresno Co., Calif., A. A. Entnn; and reported from Tulare Co., by T. S. Bmndepee, Zoo, iv. 19vS. 



2 Tlie formal variety coloratum, Greene, Erytheji, i. 125, collectcl in tlie Santa Cruz MounUins, 

 Cash man. 



3 Recent literature: E. ITutli in Enjjl. .J.iiirb. xvi. 299-305. 



4 Add .svii. hop,,,inn trir„i;,nn, Hiiitoi.. Hull. Torr. Club, .vviii. 265. 



