42 RANUNCULACE.E. Coptis. 



C- laciniata, Gray. Leaves trifoliolate ; terminal leaflet very long- lateral comparatively 

 short-petiolulate; all ovate in outline, nearly 3-partcd, and divisions 3-7-cleft or incised and 

 dentate, mostly acute: sepals linear-attenuate (barely half line wide at b;>^e, 4 or 5 lines 

 long : petals nearly of the following species : mature carpels longer than stipe ; seeds oval. 

 — Bot. Gaz. xii. 297. C. uspleiii/olui, Gray, Froc. Am. Acad. viii. 375 (coll. Hall); Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, ii. 427; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. i. 196, f. 51-53.1 — Woods of Oregon, Hall, Ctisick, 

 Henderson, and of N.W. California, G. R. Vasey, Rattan. 



C- aspleniifolia, Salisb. Leaves pinnately 5-foliolate ; leaflets aU rather long-petiolulate, 

 mostly ovati'-tihlnng in outline and ])iunately 5-parted or divid(!fl ; lowest pair of pinuiE com- 

 monly pctlohilate and upper coutlueut, all 3-5-cleft and incised (about half inch long) : 

 sepals and petals filiform-attenuate, nearly equal ; the latter with a thickened concave nec- 

 tary much below tlie mi(hlle : mature carpels shorter than the stipe. — Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 viii. 306; Pursh, Fl. ii. 391 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 23, t. 11. Chrjjsoroptis (Pterophijlhm) 

 asjileni folia, Xutt. 1. c. 9. — Woods, Brit. Colunil)ia and Alaska; first coll. by Menzies. 



Var.* biternata, F- IIuth. Leaflets temate; lateral divisions sessile by a broad 

 base; the terminal petiolulate. — lluth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 304. — Ala.ska, Sitka, A>«H5e 

 Bros. A varietj' uot seen ; description translated from the original. 



13 a. Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb. {Hellehorus hyemalis, L.), the Winter 

 Aconite of Europe, a very dwarf perGunial, has been found growing spon- 

 t.i'.icously near Philadelphia, a relict of former cultivation; fl. earliest spring. 



13 b. Helleborvs viridis, L., Green Hellebore of Europe, has in 

 former years been found wild near Brooklyn and Jamaica, Long Island, but is 

 probably now extinct. More recently it has been sent from W. Virginia. It is a 

 low species, with palmately parted leaves having lanceolate very sharply serrate 

 divisions, and green sepals. 



II. FcETiDcs, L., the Fetid Hellebore of Europe, taller, and green-flowered, is in Muhl. 

 Cat., as at Philadelphia, but only as of gardens. 



H. nIger, L., the Christmas Rose, or Black Hellebore of Europe, — low, with ever- 

 green and shining coriaceous pedate leaves and large white flower produced on a short scape in 

 earliest spring, the sepals enlarging and turning green in age, — has been said to grow wild in 

 the State of New York, but it is not quite hardy, and can only temporarily occur. 



14. AQ,UIL!fiGIA, Tourn. Columbine. {Aquilegiis, water-drawer. 

 The derivation from aquilq, eagle, is an invention.) — Perennial herbs (of the 

 northern hemisphere), commonly glaucous ; mostly with panicul ite branches ter- 

 minated by showy flowers, and 1-3-ternately compound leaves ; the leaflets 

 roundish and obtusely lobed; flowering usually in spring or early summer. — 

 Inst. 428, t. 242 ; L. Gen. no. 450.'^ — In cultivation the most diverse species 

 hybridize directly. Thus the plant figured as A. formosa, in Hook. f. Bot. 

 Mag. t. 6552, is a hybrid of a red-flowered species, probably A. tnincata, with 

 A. chrysantha. 



* Old World type, with hooked or curved spurs ; these ascending, the flower being pendulous 

 in anthesis (position in A. ecalcarata, uncertain). 



-»— More or less leafy-stemmed, 1 -several-flowered. 

 A. vrLoARis, L. (European Columbine.) Flowers from blue or purple to white, pretty 

 large : lamina of the petals as long as the spur, shorter than the acute sepals ; styles as 

 long as the ovary. — Spec. i. 533. — Escaped from cultivation (where often and variously 

 double-flowered) and established in some places, notably in Nova Scotia. (Nat. from Eu.) 



1 Add syn. C. occidentnlis, var. Howellii, Huth, 1. c. 30.3. 



'^ Recent literature : M. E. Jones, Rev. Am. Spec. Aquilegia, Zoe, iv. 254-260. 



