Clmidfuya. KANCNCL'LACK.i:. 03 



iucisely cleft and toothed : liood l;alf to three fourtlis inch hjug, with helniet-Mha|>ed portion 

 liigher than the broad, at length much shorter than the downwardly uarrowfd hxsal |M)rti.jn, 

 ver}' strongly beaked ; the beak variable, sometimes broailly (iubiilalc and jtorn-ct, Komc- 

 tiraes subulate and elongated (4 or even G lines long) an<i eitiier porrect or decurvcd : lower 

 sepals sri.all and oblong: follicles oblong. — Nult. in 'I'orr. & Gray, Fl. i. 34 ; Wats. IJot. 

 C'alif. ii. 428; Coulter, Man. Kooky Alt. Keg. II. A. numtam, llooV.. Fl. IJor.-Am. i. yf, ; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Wats. Bot. King Exp. 12, not Fisch. & Heichenb. ,1. Fisdieri, Hi-gel, 

 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x.xxiv. pt. 2, 98; Hrew. & Wats. IJot. C;ilif. i. 12, not Uciclicub.» — 

 Moist grounds, lirit. Columliia to California throughout the Sierra Nevada, cxst to the 

 Rocky Mountains, and south to those of New Mexico and Arizona. Leaves thin, eoniinonlv 

 rather large ; lower often 4 to 6 inches in diameter, sometimes rather small. Sometimes 

 bears bulblets in the axils of the leaves. 

 A. Uncin4tum, L. Very smooth and glabrous up to the short pedicels : stem 2 or .3 fe<'t 

 higii, witli summit of stem or flowering branches often declining, and j)anieulato rather 

 thaii racemose inflorescence sometimes flexuous : leaves of rather firm texture, deeply cleft 

 or tlie lower parted into oblong-obovate incisely dentate or sometimes laciuiatc divisions : 

 hood over half incli high, strongly saccate, and witli the porrect at length decurved beak 

 attaining or exceeding the lengtii of the basal portion : lower sepals small and narrow : 

 ovaries pubescent or glal)rous : follicles turgid, over half inch long; — Spec. ed. 2, i. 750; 

 Michx. Fl. i. 315; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1119; Reichenb. 111. Aeon. t. 35; Gray, Gen. lU. i. 43, 

 t. 16.2 j^. volubilfi, Muhl. Cat. 52, but stem not twining. — Moist ground, jilong the moun- 

 tains, from Georgia to Pennsylvania (according to Torrey in Fl. N. Y. i. 21, to adjacent part 

 of New York in Chenango Co.) and Wisconsin ; fl. late summer and autunm. 



* * Stems reclining from elongated fascicled roots: hood oblong-conical, the length aljout 

 twice the width, soon horizontal. 



A. reclinatum. Gray. Nearly glabrous, soft in texture : stems 2 or 3 feet long, bearing 

 loose and rather few-flowered somewhat leafy racemes : leaves deeply 3-7-cleft into oblong- 

 cuneate laciniate-lobed divisions, lower long-petioled, 5 to 9 inches in diameter : flowers dull 

 white or ochroleucous, varying to purple. — Am. Jour. Sci. xlii. 34, Loud. Jour. Bot. ii. 118, 

 & Man. ed. 5, 46. — Wet woods on mountain sides, in the Allegh;uiics, N. Carolina to Vir- 

 ginia, first coil, by Gray & Carey ; fl. summer. 



17. CIMICfFUGA, L. Bugbaxe. (Cimexy a bug, fugere, to drive 

 away.) — Tall pereuiiial herbs (of northern temperate zone), nearly glabrous or 

 a little pubescent above ; with sliort clustered rootstocks and matted roots, ample 

 ternately and quinately compound leaves, having incised and serrate membra- 

 naceous leaflets, and white flowers in elongated simple or paniculately clustered 

 racemes, sometimes polygamous or subdioecious ; fl. summer. — Amocn. Acad. ii. 

 354, & Mant. i. 20; Lam. 111. t. 487 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 51, t. 20."» 



§ 1. AcTiNOSPORA, Beuth. & Hook., or true Cimicifngn. Carpels and fol- 

 licles seldom solitary, compressed, membranaceous, distinctly styliferous: stigma 

 small, more or less introrse : seeds not very numerous, laterally compressed or 

 terete (not depressed), the coat squamose or squamellose. — Actinospora & Ciini- 

 cifuga, Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Ilort. Petrop. 1835, 21 ; Turcz. Fl. Baic- 

 Dahur. i. 85, 86. 



* Follicles 3 to 5 or rarely more, stipitate ; seeds mostly laterally fl.ittish ; the coat con- 

 spicuously and copiously scarious-squaraose : petals or staminoiies present, 1 to 6 : leares 



1 Although Dr. Gray regarded the American plant distinct from Reichenbacir.-; species, if f ' 

 sible to find satisfactory or con.stant teclniical differences, and Sir Joseph Hooker. H.l. M 

 t. 7130, includes in A. FischeH, Reichenb., not only A. Cvlumbianum, Nutt., but also A. .Vucrl' 

 Gray. 



a Meehan's Monthly, iv. 81, t. 6. 



» Recent literature: Fluth in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. :^1 ()-.'. lH. 



