50 KANUNCULACEiE. n;,>lrasUs. 



A. pachypoda. Ell. Sk. ii. 15. — Woods in rich soil. New Bruuswiek aud Cauada to Minue- 

 sota, and south to the mouutaius of Tennessee and Georgia.* 



19. HYDRASTIS, Ellis. Yellow-koot, «S:c. (Unmeaniug name, sug- 

 gested from some likeness of the leaf to that of llijdrophijlluni C((nade?ise, with 

 which the sterile plant was at first confounded.) — Ellis in L. S.yst. Nat. ed. 10, 

 ii. 1088, & Gen. ed. G, no. 704; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 47, t. 18.^ Warneria, Mill. 

 Ic. ii. 190, t. 285 (1768). — Single species. 



H. Canadensis, L. (GoLDftN-SEAi,, Yellow Pcccoon, &,c.) Rootstock fleshy, marked 

 on the upi)er side by circular scars of the annually produced stem, deep yellow within: 

 herbage pubescent ; sterile growth a long-petioled and large peltate 5-7-lobed leaf ; fertile a 

 low aud simple .stem, bearing toward the summit two alternate 5-7-lobed and serrate leaves, 

 tlie lower petioled, upper sessile and a shor^peduucled white flower, in early springy the red 

 fruit, resembling that of a Rubus, maturing in summer. — Syst. Nat. ed. 10, ii. 1088, & 

 Spec. ed. 2, i. 784; Michx. Fl. i. 317 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 251, t. 51 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 9, 

 & Bot. Mag. t. -3019 & 3232 ; Torr. & Gtay, Fl. i. 40; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. 76, t. 8, f. 27-29. 

 Hydiophyllum verum. Sac, L. Spec. i. 146. — Woods in rich soil, Canada near the Lakes and 

 New York, to Wisconsin, Iowa, and south to Missouri, Tennessee, and Georgia along the 

 mountains. 



20. XANTHORRHIZA, Marshall. Shrub Yellow-root. (Hav^J?, 

 yellow, pi'Ca, root.) — Arbust. 167 (1785); Endl. Gen. 850; Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. i. 9. Zanthorhiza (erroneous form), L'Her. Stirp. 79, t. 38 (1784); Juss. 

 Gen. 234 ; DC. Syst. i. 386 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 40 ; Gray, Gen. 111. i. 45, 

 t. 17. — Single species, with floral characters of Eanunculacece, but yellow wood 

 and other sensible properties of Berheris. 



X. apiifolia, L'Hek. 1. c. Stems a foot to a yard high, seldom branching, with gray bark 

 and bright ycUow wood of Barberry, from similar rootstocks, sending off yellow fibrous 

 roots, from terminal scaly bud producing in spring long drooping racemes or sometimes 

 panicles, or a racemose cluster of them, aud ])innately 3-.>foIiolate leaves, the later growth 

 bearino- 5-7-foliolate leaves ; petioles much dilated at base and half-clasping ; leaflets ovate 

 and oblong, irregulai'ly incised and serrate, often 3-cleft : flowers small, brown purple, 

 sometimes polygamous. — Ait. Kew. i. 399 ; Lam. 111. t. 854 ; Barton, Elem. Bot. App. 26, 

 t. 12; Nouv. i)uham. iii. 151, t. 37 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1736 ; Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 

 203, t. 46 ; Lloyd Bros. 1. c. 291, t. 25, f. 99-105 » A', sivipliclsshna. Marsh. 1. c. 168. Artaa 

 dioica, Walt. Car. 152. — Along streamlets of the Alleghany Mountain district, from S. W. 

 New York to Florida, west to Kentucky. 



21. P-i9E6NIA, Tourn. P^ony. (Ancient Greek and Latin name, said 

 to be in honor of a physician, Pceon.) — Robust and large-flowered herbs (or a 

 Chinese species shrubby), with divided leaves and ample flowers; some Old 

 World species familiar in gardens, one indigenous on the Pacific coast. — Inst. 

 273, t. 146 ; L. Gen. no. 445. 



P. Br6"Wnii, Dougl. Low, with glaucous or pale and rather fleshy 1-2-ternately diviiied 

 and parted leaves ; lobes obovate or spatulate to nearly linear : fructiferous stems reclined 

 or recurved : flowers dull colored : petals 5 or 6, thickish, dull brownish red, hardly surpass- 

 ing the roundish concave sepals : disk many-lobed : follicles mostly 5, glabrous ; seeds 

 oblong. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 27 ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 30; Brew. & Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, i. 13. P. Brownii &. P. CaUfornica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 41. — Mostly in dry 



1 Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter. 



2 Recent literature: Hiith in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 291 ; H. Bowers. Bot. Gaz. xvi. 73, t. 8. 



8 X. apiifolia^ var. ternata, Huth, 1. c. 320, is the not infrequent form or state with leaves merely 

 3-foliolate. 



