CroHSusomu. MACJNOLIACK.E. 57 



ground, nearly throughout California and adjacent Nevada, rare in W. Utah and W. Iilaho, 

 nortii to Vancouver; fl. early spring or ^ununer according to Hiiuation, which raiit,'i-s fn.ui 

 the sea level to tlie confines of suniuier snow; &r< cull, hy DowjUm. 



22. CR0SS0S6MA, Nutt. (Kpoo-o-ot', friu;,'e, o-i/iu, Iju<1,v, lr..iii th,.- 

 fringe-like bod}' at the liilum of tlie seeds.) — ISlucli hraiiched low sliruhs, very 

 glabrous ; with grayish and bitter bark and whitish wood : leaves oblong or nar- 

 rower, entire, mucronulate, obscurely pinnately veined, alternate, subsessile, those 

 of short branchlels or spurs fascicled: flowers solitary and 8hort-i)eduncled„ ter- 

 minating the branchlets; petals white. —Jour. Acad, Phiiad. ser. 2, i. loO; Torr. 

 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. G3, t. 1; JBenth. &, Hook. Cieu. i. 1.5; lirew. & Wats. li«.t. 

 Calif, i. 13. 



C. Californicum, Nutt. I. c. Slirub 3 to 15 feet high ; stem l»econiing several inches in 

 thickness : leaves 1 to 3 inches long, seldom much fascicled : Howers large : petals orhicuhir, 

 over half inch long, white : anthers elongated-ohlong : follicles half to three fourths in.h 

 long, 20-25-seeded ; seeds with smootii and shining coat, falling out after deiiiscenco in a 

 connected row, being held together by the entangling threads of the arillus. — Torr. 1. c. as 

 to f. 1-t ; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 112 ; Brew. & Wats. 1. c. — Island of Santa C'ataliua off 

 S. Calff. ; first coll. by Gambel. (Guadalupe Island, Palmer.) 



C. Bigelovii, Watson. Shrub 3 to b feet high, slenderly and often intricately branched : 

 leaves largely fascicled on .spur-like branchlets, a fourth to half inch long: fiower fully lialf 

 smaller: petals oval, becoming spatulate-oblong, white or purplish: stamens fewer: anthers 

 short-oblong : follicles seldom over quarter inch long or more than 2 or 3, hardly slipitate, 

 10-12-seeded; seeds with dull coat (none seen with embryo formed). — rroc. Am. Acad. xi. 

 122, & Bot. Calif, ii. 428.1 C. CaUfnrnicum, Torr. 1. c. mainly, i. &. as to pi. Bigelow.— 

 Rocky ravines, S. I']. California and Arizona to Bill Williams Mountain (where first coU. bv 

 Bigelow), Palmer, Parry & Lcinmon, IK. G. Wright, G. R. ]'asej/. 



Order II. MAGNOLIACE.E. 



Br A. Gray. 



Trees or shrubs, with aromatic and bitter bark, simple mainly entire alternate' 

 and pinnately-veined leaves, which are commonly minutely peilucid-dotted ; all 

 the parts of the flower distinct and free (hypogynous) excej)! the carpels when 

 numerous and spirally imbricated on a prolonged receptacle may cohere into :\ 

 mass ; polyandrous, with one exception ; deciduous sepals and petals inibrio:»t«'d 

 and disposed to be in whorls of three, with at least two seri.-s of the latter. 

 Anthers adnate. Stigma usually introrse and occupying most or whole length of 

 the ventral edge of the style. Ovules in all ours solitary or a pair, anatropous. 

 Seeds with a minute embryo in fleshy albumen, not arillate. Stipules commonly 

 present but deciduous. — Three very distinct tribes, which may be taken as sub- 

 orders and have been regarded as orders. The iirst is the most anomalous of 

 the order, 



1 Add syn. W. parviflora, Robin.wn k Fernald (Proc. Am. Aca.1. xxx.lH), an iniiHTfectly known 

 species with more elongated branches, .scattered leaves, and smaller llowers, Iirst collectwl in the 

 Grand Cafion of the Colorado by Dr. Gray, an<l Liter in Sonora by C. V. n.trhuan. In the abiwni-e 

 of better material it is doubtfully distinct from C. liiydovii, which in iis turn is Itelieved by some to 

 intergra<le with C. Californicum; see Vaslit, Zoe, i. 27. 



